Kungakanani Ukuxhuma Imithi Emingi ye-Container?

Ukucaciswa kwekhipha lekhipha kanye nokuthanda okuphakathi kwayo

Yeyiphi into ethi ngalekhipha kwiimodi zokubh builda izindlu

Izindlu zokugcina manje ziyizindlu eziyinkimbini ezakhiwe kuma-container wokuthutha okudala abafakiweyo ngokwemigwa ye-ISO, ngokuvumelekile kanye nezinga elilodwa kanye nezinga eline-40 kanye nezinga elilodwa. Indlela abakhona ngayo ibenza kube lula ukuthiwa phakathi kwezinye nezinye futhi zilokwe ngokuhlanganisa, ngakho-ke ukukhula kwaqala ngokushesha ngokulingana nezindlu ezakhiwe ngokwemifanekiso. Siyaxazisa ngokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esifaka kwezwa kanye nezinga eline-30 kanye nezinga eline-50%. Xa ezinye izinkimbini zifika kwehla lokukhula, izikhona ngokuphelelwe kwezulu noma kwezinye izinto eziphathelene nezimali ezinikezwa, okwenza ukuthatashwa kwezimali kunciphise. Kunezinye izicelo eziphethwe kwezinye izindlela zokukhula kwe-2024 ezinikeza amanani okuthi inkorhu yekhulu ingaba ngama-dollars ayigugu kanye nezinga elilodwa.

• Ukuphila kwezakhiwo okufaka kwezwa kanye nezinga eline-55 - kungaphezulu kwakhe kwezinye izindlu ezakhiwe ngokwemifanekiso
• Inkimbini eninayo amathekwane angama-90 ayirekhalsithelwe, ayilayivela nezindlela zokusebenza ngokwemkhondvo
• Imithaba efanayo (ububanzi be-8', ubude be-9.5') engqwalisa ukuxhumana nokwakha uhlelo

Kungani Ukuxhumana Ngezindlu Ezimbili Kuzo Kuthanda Ukuphathelene

Isedule sokuhlelwa kwamakhonteyina okuxhunyiweyo siza kufika kwi-$73 ibhiliyoni ngokwesikhundla 2025, isikhwama esikhulu kakhulu ngokwenza amakhonteyina amabili kakhulu ngokwesikhundla 2020. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa yindlela kakhulu ezingelena ngokwesibonelo:

1. Ukuphuma Kakhulu - Ukuxhumana kwezikhonteyina kuthenga amaphesenti angu-20–40 ngokwesikhundla ngaphansi kwezindlu eziphambili (Isithathu Sokudlala Ngokwemodi 2024).
2. UKUPHUMULA - Ngenkathi yindlela yokusebenza engaphandle, abathengi abangama-68% manje bafuna amahlelo wephini nezindlu, okungaba ngokulula ngokuxhunywe kwezikhonteyina.
3. Ukufakwa kwezinto - Izindlu ezinxhunywe kakhulu zikunciphisa isebenta samaphesenti angu-22% ngokulingana nezindlu ezingaxhunywayo nangoba zisebenzisa futhi izinto ezingama-8,000 lbs yemithi yamakhonteyina.

Ukunge kwezingu-37 yezokudla nezokudla zasemaphakamini kusebenzisa izinkampani zokuvakela eziphakathi komuntu. Amadolobha afana neLos Angeles uyavumela ukuthola ukuvuma kwezinkampani eziningi kwezokudla, ukunceda ukuthwasa isonto esikhulu sokudla esikhona. Kunezinto ezinhle eziphathelene nezinto eziphambene nezinye. Thatha lokho ukushisa nokulungisa izinkxenye zokudla esingceni, ngokuvumela abasebenzeli ukwengeza noma ukususa izinkxenye ezihlanzekileyo ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu, okuhamba ngaphezulu kwezinyathelo ezijwayelekileyo. Lokhu kunceda okuthiwa yinkantolo yokwenza izindlu ngokwesikhundla. Uma ubheka imboniso yakamuva ye-2024, izindlu eziphumelelayo ezingokudla ezingokudla fana nezindlela zokulahla noma izinhlobo zokulahla zokudla kunceda ukuthola amakhilowathshi kancane-31% ngaphezulu kwezinye izinhlobo. Ayicabangi lapho kufundwa ukuthi yini le ncambo ethintana nezinto ezithintekayo.

Imithwakho yokuxhuma yokudla ngokuphephile kanye nokuthulwa kwamandla

Ukugcina kanye nokuxhuma ngokulungiswa kwezindlu ezidla ngokudla

Ukuhlelwa kwenza lezi zikhukhwe zokugcina okungasebenzi ngokuhle xa kudlalwa izindlu zokuhlala ezikhathini eziningi. Imvubu yakamuva ye-Modular Building Institute yafumene ukuthi lezi zikhukhwe zokuhanana zingasebenzisa amandla wezwindo ngama-25% ngaphezulu kwezinye izinhleke zokugcina. Kanti ngaphandle koko, le zinhleke zinikela abasebenzisi inkokheli ephakeme, ngalesikhakha abaningi baya kulokhu kuzindlela ezingathempelwa noma izindlu ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa emuva kwesikhathi. Uma kudingeka ukuthi kube yimalipha, ukudala amaphela amabi ukuthuthukisa lezi zikhukhwe kuyinto ehlukile kakhulu, kudingekile lapho izwindo zihlwa ngamakhilomitha we-110 ngenyaka. Abasebenzisi abaningi bokudlala beza kubika ukuthi lokhu yindlela ekuhlukene nezinye ezimbini zokudlala izindlu zokuhlala ezikhathini eziningi.

Ukusebenzisa I-Steel Beams ne-Moment Frames ukulawulwa kwokugcinwa

Ukubaluleka kwemigqa yokumelana nesikhathi akunakugcizelelwa lapho kuziwa ekusakazeni lawo mandla angemuva phezu kwezikhwama eziningi ezixhunyiwe. Ngokwe-Engineering News Record yangonyaka odlule, lokhu kwehluleka kubangela izinkinga ezingaba ngu-85% ekufakweni kwezikhwama eziningi. Lapho sifaka lezo zimishayo zensimbi ezingama-W12x26 phakathi kwamayunithi ngamanye, kwenzeka okuthile okuthakazelisayo. Lonke uhlelo luqala ukusebenza ndawonye kangcono, kwakheke lezi zindlela eziqhubekayo zokudlula kwemithwalo. Lokhu empeleni kunciphisa ukucindezela kokujika cishe ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuba nezikhwama ezizimele ezihlezi eduze. Ukubheka lokho abacwaningi abakutholayo ngezindonga zamakhethini kusitshela ukuthi kungani lokhu kubalulekile kangaka. Lezi zixhumanisi eziqinile kudingeka zibhekane nazo zonke izikhathi zokugoba uma sifuna ukuvimbela amalunga ukuba angaguquki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma kungenjalo, ukuzinza kuba yinkinga yangempela kamuva.

Izinselele Zokuqondanisa Isisekelo Nokusabalalisa Umthwalo

Ukwehla okungalingani kuyenza amaphutho 62% ezingxenye zokuvikela kuzo zokuxhuma (ASCE 2022). Ukuvikela ukulayisha, ukulayisha ngokwe-laser kunye nokusebenzisa i-grade beams ukuvikela ukwehla okungaphezu 0.1° kuzo zonke i-pads zokubeka.

Isicathamiya: Indlu ye-Container Efanayo ku-Austin ngokwesikhangiso se-Rigid Frame

Indlu enezi-container ezinganele ku-Austin eqoqwe ngokwesikhangiso esinemigqa engahambelani yebandela yase 2023 engu-94 mph ngenxa yokuwehlela kwezinto. Emva kwalokho, ukulandelelwa kubonise ukuthi kukhona amaphotho akancane kakhulu angu-0.08mm ezingeni lokuphunzwa, engaphansi kwe-1.5mm ethathwa ngokuthuthukisa indawo.

Izinkomba zokudizaj izindawo nezindlela zokuhlanganisa ngokulula

Ukudizaj okuvulekile kwezindawo phakathi nezinye

Ukucula amagqamane aphakathi kwezindlu zokudla zokuthi kuvule indawo enobukhona obuningi bethu. Isicathamiya eshukela kwa National Association of Home Builders eshukela kwe-2022 ibonise ukuthi abakhulu abangama-68% aqaphela ukuthi kunezindlela ezingaphansi kwezinye izindawo zokuthi kuvule. Iindlela zokuvula nezindlela zokuthola ukuvuleka kakhulu kanye nezindlela ezifakwe ngokwamathematika zilandela ukuthi kunezindlela ezingu-36” ezifakwe ngokwamathematika.

Ukupheka kwezifiso nokulandela ngokulula kwembono

Ukusebenzisa imithwanciso efanayo yesibhakabhaka—njengokwehlanisa izinhlango zokwenza ubude noma izipaneli evela kwezinhloso zokwenzela kwezulu—kuzo zonke izinhawu kungenisa ukuxhuma okulula. Kumaclad vertical, abasebenzisi bokusebenzela ukufaka ngokusebenzisa ilayizi ukuze kuxhunywe amakhefu ngaphakathi kwe-1/8”, ukunciphisa amakhefu angakhiqiza ukucodwa kakhulu emkhombothini yemini yesibhakabhaka.

Ukulungisa Umphumela Wokuxhumana Nokuqina Kwamakhwefu Kuzindlela Zokuxhumana

Amakhwefu phakathi kwezinhawu kungenisa kwe-23% yebiko liphakathi kwezindlu eziqashelene (idatha yomodeli wokunyusa amandla we-2023). Izindlela eziphumelelayo zifaka ukuxhumiwa kwezinhlobo zokunyusa amandla nezinhlobo zokukhala engenakho ukuxhumana ezinjalo nezinhlobo zokwenza polypropylene ephethwe, ukufikelela kwe-R-15 kuzindlela zokuxhumana. Kufanele izimpandla zokukhala zihlale kwezinye izinkathazo ezingaphezu kwamakhwefu ukuze kuvikele ukugcina komoya.

Ukulandelelwa Kwembono: Izinhlobo Zokuxhumana Ezifakwe Ngaphambi Kwezinhawu Zokubhaka

Imodoli yekhowudi yangaphambili manje ibindlela ukubaleka kwezinkundla eziningi ngokuhlanganisa ukulayishwa kwezinhlelo nezinyathelo zokubutha. Lezi yiniti zezomnwe wezokuhlanjwa zokwenza amathime 40% kakhulu ekubekweni kwezinyathelo zasekhaleni futhi zenziwe ngokuhlangana nezimo ze-IRC zezinhlelo zokulayishwa zezokudla ezasekhaya.

Ukuhlanganisa Imigomo Yezinhlelo Esiqedisweni Ezinkundleni

Ukulayishwa kwezilongo nezinhlelo zokulayishwa kwezinhlanu phakathi kwezinkundla

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izilungiselelo zokusebenza ngendlela echanekileyo kuyindlela enhle yokuthi izinto zisebenze ngendlela echanekileyo ngokude. Xa uhlela imigqa yamanzi eziphambene, kuhle ukuba uyilale kudongesela okanye ngaphansi kwamaflole amakhuphukileyo. Imfihlakalo ephindekayo yasebenza ngendlela echanekileyo xa kuhlanganiswa nezindlela zokushisha kudinga kakhulu kunezitayela zokubhaliweyo, iyasimama kuzo izimo ezibhokisele kakhulu ngama-60% ngaphezulu. Ngakho ke abasebenzisa amakhulu ayithanda lokhu kuleyo ndlela. Xa kuxoxa ngeklima, amanye amaphakathi wokwakha izingxenye zasekile ukuthi abasebenzise izinhlayiya zokwahlukanisa ezidinga kakhulu kunezinhlayiya eziphambene. Imaphakathi wokwakha izingxenye zasekile ukuthi abasebenzise izinhlayiya zokwahlukanisa ezidinga kakhulu kunezinhlayiya eziphambene. Idata ye-ASHRAE ibonisa ukuthi zethula ama-35% kwezindleko zokushisa ngokulingana nezinhlayiya zase-HVAC. Usizo olungileyo kwezinyathelo ezingaphakathi kungase kube yisidingo. Ukudala ukuvuleka kwezinyathelo noma ukusebenzisa izinto ezingaxhume kwezinyathelo kuyakunqula le miqumo engavumelekanga xa kuhlanganiswa nezinye izicathami.

Ukwehla Kwamandla Elekthriki Futhi Ukuvumelana Nokuziphatha Imithi

Izibhodi zokuxhumana ezikhethiwe ngokuphelele zilandelayo kubaluleke kakhulu kwezindawo zase-US (incwadi le NEC 2023). Kumele kube nemigomo elandelayo:

• Amakhurithi amathandwa we-kitchenette ngalunye
• Amakhurithi esibhedlela ngaphandle kwezindawo zokudlula phakathi kwezinye izindlu
• Ukuqinisekisa ukulayisha kwezinhlobo zokusebenza kwe-400V kakhulu

Isicatolemo esithandwa sika-UL Solutions 2024 sibonise ukuthi izindlu ezilandelayo ngokuphelele zineziphazamiso ezingcolile kakhulu ngokushaya izindlu eziphumelelayo.

Imithombo yedatha nezinhlelo zokwakha izindlu eziqondisiweyo kuzindlela eziningi

Izinhlobo zasegceke zilandelayo ngokuphelele kuzindlela eziningi ziyavuleka ngokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuxhumana ngokushesha (100 Gbps) kuzindlela ezilandelayo. Izinhlelo zilandelayo zifaka phakathi:

• Izibhodi zokulawula izibhodlela (90W ngalunye)
• Izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezilandelayo (QAM-1024)
• Izinhlelo zokuxhumana ngokwezinhlobo zasezulwini phakathi kwezindlela

Le infrastrakti lenza imicelo yokuphatha izindlu ephumelela ukuhlelwa kwe-HVAC namanye amalayithi ngokwesicelo kwezinyathelo ezivumelana nezindlu zokusebenzela kwezinhlelo zokulinganisa i-LiDAR, ekunena ukunciphisa amandla ngo-42% kuzindlela eziningi (IEEE 2023 indaba yendlu encane).

Ukudlala kwezindlela zokubangela kanye nokuphepha kwezimali

Izinkambo zokubangela kanye nezivumo kuzindlela zokubangela izindlu ezingaphezulu kwe-Container

Imithwalo ngokudityaniswa kwezindlu zokuhlala eziphakathi kakhulu iyathintela kanjani ukuxhuma kwezinye izinto. Ngokulinganisa kwezinye izindawo ezingama 72% eUnited States kudinga izivumo eziphathelene noma kubeke amanye amakhiwane ngokwesicelo lase World Green Building Council ngoqo. Ukuthola yonke into enguqu ngokufanele kubangelwa yizinto ezifanalo nezibalo zabakaki, ukuthi kubekwe ukuthi kunezifisodhwe eziphakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala, futhi ukuba kunezifaphe zokulingana phakathi kwazo. Thatha iSan Francisco njengesibonelo esisha lesonke amaphakathi abangela ukumisa izivumo eziphathelene nezinkinga zokuthunyelwa kwezindawo ngokwesicelo lase 2023 kudinga ukuthi kube nezibholti eziphakathi kwezindawo zokuxhuma futhi kube neqiniso lokuphathisa ngokomthwalo ngaphambi kokuthi kubeke amakhiwane phakathi kwawo. Izinhlobo zokudityanisa eza kwase kungenhla kakhulu ukunciphisa ukungcola kwezindawo zokuxhuma, ngakho ke kudinga ukuthi kube nezifaphe zokucoca ukuthi kungabi noma ngaphezulu kwehlafu lesithuphi kuzo zonke izindawo zokuxhuma. Le mikhawulo ethile iyakhi kakhulu ukuplanisha ukudityanisa kwezabangeli abasebenzisa amakhiwane okuthuthwa.

Umkhawulo, Ukuhlakana nokwehla kwezulu kwezindawo ezihlanganisiweyo

Izindawo eziyinhlanganiswe kufanele zilandelwe imvume ephakeme kakhulu noma lutho. Kufanele zikhawule umkhiqizo wokuphazinywa okungeza kuma-130 mph kwemindaweni ebonisa ukungena kwezulu, futhi kufanele zilandelwe amandla wezulu owengeza ku-0.4g kwemindaweni enqatshelwa ukungena kwezulu. Xa kufika kweqile, abasebenzisa izinkqubo zokuhlanganisa eziphambene nezibholti eziqinileyo ezitholwe kumabeleli we-ASTM A572. Lokhu kwenza ukuba kube 40% okungenhla kwehla ngaphambili ngokulingana nezindlela ezinhlelwe ngaphambili. Kwemindaweni apholile ukungena kwezulu, kukhona nezinhlelo zokuthakisa zonke izindawo ukuthi zilaphe kuma-12 kuya kuma-36 inches phezulu kwezindlela eziqinileyo zika-FEMA. Xa unquma kwehlakene nezindawo eziphakeme kweFloride, abasebenzisa manje bafaka izinto ezifanayo nezindlela ezithambisayo ezweni ukuthi zilaphe amanzi futhi balethu lezifilimu ezikhanyisa ukuphazinywa phezulu kwinhlango kwemithombo yazo zonke izinhlelo eziphileni ngokwezulu.

Ukuphila kanye nokusebenza kwezindlela zokunqanda kwezindlu ezinhlelweyo zezinhovu

Xa izindlu ziphakanyiswa ngezinye, zihlala ziscorela kahle ngama-15-20% kumaqhaza wokusebenza kwezindlela zokunqanda njengoba kuzovalwa izinhovu zokunqanda kanye nezinhlelo zokuphefumula/kohlisa kuzonke indaweni. I-EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) isheshiwa naye ishlulelwe amadoda wokusebenza kuye, kudinga ukuthi izikhovelo azisethelwe izindlela eziphambene nezilwane eziphambene nezilwane, kanye neqwa lesteel esihlukile kakhulu xa kuhlelwa izindlu ezinhlelweyo. Thatha i-Phoenix njengegama lapho indlu enye yakhulu yekhohlise amathuba okohlisa ngama-30% emva kokusetha amahovu amathathu wokubulawa uhambo lwezulu bese kugcwalwe amaphansi phakathi kwazo ngokuphuselela kwezinhovu. Kizindaweni ezinezimo eziphansi, ukudala amasindle kuzo zinye izindlu ziphambene nezinye kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Lezi zindlelo zokunqanda zikhuphula ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphefumula kwezindlela zokunqanda ngama-15-20% ekuphileni kwemvula.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izindlu ezinhovweni zinzima ngeyiphi into?

Izindlu ezingaphakathi kwezindlu zokugcinwa kwezimali zokuthutha, okuvamile ukuthi yizindlu ezingaphakathi kwezimali ezinhle, futhi ziyavumelana nezimali ze-ISO ngokubaluleka nokukhulu.

Kungani izindlu ezingaphakathi kwezimali zokuthutha zipopulara?

Izindlu ezingaphakathi kwezimali zokuthutha zipopulara ngokuba kudinga izindleko, ukunqamula ngokushesha, futhi zingaba nezimali ezingapheliwa. Zinikeza umkhathi wokuthula okude kakhulu ngokuhambisana nezindleko eziphambene nezinye izindlu.

Kungani izindlu ezingaphakathi kwezimali eziningi zixhunyiswa kanjani?

Izindlu ezingaphakathi kwezimali eziningi singaxhunyisa ngokusebenzisa ukugcina noma ukuxhuma ngamagolide, izindlu zemali, futhi izindlu zemali zokuxhuma ukuze kuthuthukwe ukuthulwa futhi kuthathwe amandla ngokushesha.

Yiyiphi indima yokusebenzisa izindlu futhi izindlu kwezindlu ezingaphakathi kwezimali?

Ukusebenzisa izindlu zemali futhi izindlu zemali zokuxhuma kwezindlu ezingaphakathi kwezimali kunesizo lokuthuthukisa umkhathi ngokuthatha amandla ngokulinganisa futhi kuthathwe ukukhulelwa, kudinga kakhulu ekuhlaleni kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezulu futhi kwezindawo ezikhona kakhulu.

Kudinga kwezimali ezikhethekileyo ukuthi uyakwenza izindlu ezingaphakathi kwezimali?

Yebo, amaningi eziphakamisa izivumo ezingcono kwezokudla izinkonteyina, ngokuvamile kudinga ukwemukelwa kwezinhlobo zokubhola okudingayo ukuphepha, ukwahlukaniswa kweyofire, nokuzenzakalelayo.