Iziphi Izindlela Zokugcina Umphumela Kuzindlu Zokugcina?

Kwhy Ukugcina Umphumela Kuyakweselwa Kuzindlu Zokugcina

Ukuthakatha Kwamaphansi Kwemithi Kuzindlu Zokugcina

Isteel ibetha umoya ngokuphindaphinda ama-300 kuya ku-400 kakhulu ngokweselana nezinto ezenziwe ngezindleke, okungathi izindlu ezenziwe ngezinkawuntela ezingenazo isikindlela esimiselwe kuzo kungenxa yokuba kuzo ukushintshana kwezinkelingo kakhulu. Xa lezi zinkawuntela ziphakathi kwezinye izinsuku zokuvuka kwamadlozi, izinkelingo kuzo kungenxa yokuba kuzo ukuphakama kwezinkelingo kakhulu, ngokuphindaphinda ama-140 ezingu-Fahrenheit noma ama-60 ezingu-Celsius ngokweselana nezinye izivivinyo ezweni lase-Building Science Corporation endulo ya-2023. Izinhleke zokuvukela nezokucindezela kuzo ukuthi kuzo ukwenza amaphindi ama-60 kakhulu ngokweselana nezinye izindlu ezenziwe ngezindleke. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu abadlala kuzo lezi zinkawuntela kuzo ukuthi kuzo ukushintshana kwezinkelingo kahle kanye nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zokudlala kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi izinhleke zabo zokuvukela nezokucindezela ziphakathi kuzo ukuthi ziphume kakhulu ukwenza ukuthi kube phephile kakhulu kuzo.

Ukucindezela nezindleko zokuxunyweza umoya kuzo izinhlangothi ezenziwe ngegxadini

Lapho kunomehluko wamazinga okushisa phakathi komoya ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo nezindawo zensimbi, ukuqina kuba inkinga. Sikhuluma ngento encane nje njenge-10 degrees Fahrenheit (noma cishe 5.5 Celsius) umehluko ongadala cishe amalitha angu-1,2 omswakama kumamitha ayikhulu ayisikwele endaweni yamanzi nsuku zonke. Lonke lolu ketshezi olungeyona eyanele aluhlali lapho luqala ukubola izinto futhi lwenza izimo zibe zilungele ukuba isikhunta sikhule. Futhi kukhona inkinga yokudlulisa ukushisa ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zensimbi ezinciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-40. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Izindawo ezibandayo ziqala ukuvela lapho silindele khona ukushisa, ngisho nalapho kufakwe izinto ezivikelayo ezifanele.

Izinzuzo Zokuhlukanisa Izindlu Zamakhonteyina Ukuze Zisebenze Ngamandla Futhi Zilawule Isimo Sezulu

Ukugqwala okufanele kuletha intuthuko enokulinganiswa:

• ukwehliswa okuphakathi kuka-52% izindleko zokushisa nokupholisa (DOE, 2023)
• Ukukhuselela kwenqo <0.5 ACH (Ukuguqula kwenqo ngamahora)
• Ukulawulwa kahle kwekondensasi ngokusebenzisa izishisi zevaphe nezimboni ezinhlanhlayo
• Izibuko ezingenakushintywa kwiindawo zokudlala, kusuka ku -40 ° F kuze kube 120 ° F (-40 ° C kuze kube 49 ° C)

Le mebenefiti iyakuvumela amapakhi akhishwe ngokwezimali ukuthi aqondane nezimali zokubhaleka futhi asebenze njengendawo enempilo, enezimoto eziphathelene nezindlela zokulawulwa kwamagama.

Ngaphandle kweNgaphakathi Ingculiso: Ukukhetha indlela enempilo yeNkundla yezindlu zokubhaleka

Indawo yokufaka Ingculiso: Ngaphakathi kanye Ngaphandle kweNkundla

Lokuphisa insulithi yamakhahaba, kukhona ukuthambeka phakathi kwekonomi yesikhu kanye nesikhawulwa esikhulu ngaphakathi. Lokucinga insulithi kudonga kunciphisa ukubonakala kwesilinda okhanyayo okuthanda abantu, ngaphandle kwalokho kunciphisa indawo yokulala. Imithambo ngayinye iyakhula ukuphela kwezinci ezingama-3 kuya kuma-6, okungu-27 isikhwama esibindi esingatholakali kakhulu kumkhahaba ojwayelekile odinga izindwa ezingama-40. Ngokuphambene, lokusebenzisa insulithi yedonga kumele kungenzeka ukufaka uhlobo olunye lokuvikelwa kwezulu, kodwa lokhu kushiya izibopho ngale ndawo zikhulu njengoba zazitholwe ngokwemigomo. Ngokwemibandela yakithi yeBuilding Enclosure Council, eyatholwe ku-2024, amakhahaba ane-insulithi yedonga kuthintela ukwehla kwezinto ezimbili kwezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa insulithi kudonga xa kuchithwa ngokweqile ukuthi yizinto ezinezilulu.

Imiphumela Yekusebenzisa Insulithi Yedonga Ezifakwe Khona Ukunciphisa Ukuhluka Kwesikhu

Ukuthiwa kwezolwandle kwenqanawe yokudla kubangela into abasebenzisi bacala ngokuba yindlela yokudla ngokuphelele emakhaya, ubambe leakages yekhethe yekhanda kuzo zingxenye zokudla ngokuphakathi kwezingu-70%. Into yamaphomu ephakeme, ngokudingaka izithuthi zokudla, inika izindlela zethermal eziphakeme kancane kancane kwe-5 kuya kwe-6.5 ngokudla okuphakeme. Lezi zithuthi nazo kubophelela amaqhinga amabili ukulindela ukuguqulwa kwezinkelo ukunikeza ukuba yindlela yokuba yindlela yokudla engaphansi kwezikhathi. Yini engiyenza ngokuthiwa kwezolwandle kube lula kunekho ngaphakathi? Ukuze xa sithiwa kwenqanawe yokudla, lezi zibhobho zokudla zikhona aphakathi lapho iklima liqinisekisiwe. Le ncambo encane iyenza ukuba kube lula kakhulu ukuthi amadoda amathize kutholwa futhi ayenze imiphumela emva kwezikhathi.

Imiphiko yezolwandle ngaphakathi Ngekhwala le-Space ne-Vapor Permeability

Ukufaka iselasiyo ngaphakathi kwemithambo kunika indawo yokuphila encane futhi ikhiqiza imibono enkulu kakhulu malunga nokuphatha amandla. Uma imandla e-fiberglass ayodwa nezinye zokugcinwa zokushisa zihlala zihlanya nezinye izindlela ezibangelwa ngokushisa, le zinto zenza imibono iphakeme kakhulu. Izifundo ikhombisa ukuthi le nto engu-80% okungenzeka ukuthi ikhulisa ubudala kuzo zikhala ezine amandla aphelile, ngokwesicelo sase ASHRAE esikhondlelwe 2023. Kodwa lapho kudinga ukuthi sibeke isicelo esikhulu ngaphandle kwalokho bonke lezo ndaba kudinga ukuthi sifake into engenye futhi njenge-fomu ephakeme kanye noma ukufaka amandla okuphatha amandla. Ngokwezinye lezi zinto, abakhulu bephumela ukuthi bafake iselasiyo ngaphandle. Kudinga ukuthi kube nemva yokuphila futhi kube nemiphumela emininingi ngaphandle kwalokho abanye bafikirwa ngokusho ukuthi kungcono ukuthi kube nezinhlobo okanye ukusebenza.

Ukuthini Ukuvikela Ukuhamba Kwamandla Phakathi Kwemithambo Yekhonteyinela

Ukuzwa Ukuthi Kungani Ukuhamba Kwamandla Phakathi Kwemikhawulo Ye-C-Channel Ezingxenyeni Zemithambo Yekhonteyinela

Lapho izingqithi zokwenza indawo ebonile njengale C-channel nezindlela ezikhula (okwenzeka ukuthi zilayishela umoya ngemvelo ephakathi kwe-45 W/m·K ngokwesicelo sikaPonemon's esikhundleni 2023) zenza amathiklakamende aqondisa ukuhamba kwamoya, lokho kuthiwa ngokuba yindlela yokulayisha umoya. Izingqithi zokwenza indawo ebonile zenza kwezingu-30% yazo zonke izindlela zokulayisha umoya ephakathi kwezindlu engenazo izinsukwana zokulayisha. Futhi lona - ziyahlukanisa kwezingu-60% yazo zonke izinkinga zokulayisha umoya ephakathi kwezindlu ezweni ngokwezifiso. Kungani kusebenza kanjalo? Iindlela ezibangelwa zilayishela umoya, kubukeka ukungcola nokulayishwa kwamoya futhi ekuphileni ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwehlise. Lokhu kungahle kubonakala kuphela. Kutheni kwenza umoya phakathi kwezindlu akudingiwe futhi kungenza ukuthi indawo ebonile ikhulule ukuthi kufakwe amakorheli amaningi.

Iindlela yokulayisha umoya phakathi ngokusetshenziswa kwezinsukwana ezilayishayo ezingapheli

Xa sikhulume ngokusebenzisa ukugcinwa okuphakathi ngokuphelele njengokwehlanisa amandla aphakathi, esenza ngokuthi kwenzeke ukubhobhisa okuphakathi ngamandla aphelele. Lokhu kusiza ukuthi isileli sijikeleze ngemvula ephahla. Imiphumela fikela yinkimbinkimbi, ngokugcinwa okuphakathi okuphakathi kwe-R-20 fokweni R-30, okuthintela ukuthambwa okuphakathi ngama-80% xa kuh comparison na leyo esebenzisa ukugcinwa okuphakathi kuphela. Isicelo esisha esiphathelene nezindawo zokuvulwa zasekhaya esikhundleni le-2024 sithole into ethakathelwe: izinhlayiya ezibambezela ngokusebenzisa izinhlanganiso zenza ukuthambwa kwezulu ngama-23% ngaphezulu kwaleyo esebenzisa izinkinobuko. Okwakhiwa kulesi siqondana ngokuhambisa indawo yokungcola ngaphandle kwendawo yomhlaba, ukungcola kwezulu kungase kungenhla. Sibonile lokhu sakhishwe ngemibuzo enguqu ngokugcwele.

Isicelo: I-Full-Wrap Rigid Foam Ukuthintela Ukushisa Ngama-40%

Abasebenzisa baxelelwe izindlu ezingama-62 zokugcinwa ngeminyaka engu-12 futhi babona okuthile okuthakazelisa ngokugcinwa kwezindlu. Xa babeqile amandla osayizi wefoam kanye nezinye i-4 inch, ayakhula ngokugcinwa kwezindleko ngokuphakathi kwe-40%. Lokhu kuthatha amakhilo-wathu angu-1,200 engakho ukusebenza kwamadivayisi ekushiseni ne-ekhohliseni ngonyaka. Kudwebeni kwamagugu, ukuguqula kwezulu kuhlala kuthile kusuku sonke, kuthayela kuphela nge-1.5 degree Fahrenheit futhi kungu-6 degree kuzo ezidinga ukugcinwa kahle. Okuthokozisa kakhulu? Akukho onyango obalekile nge- mold ngale minyaka emibili ekuqaleni. Xa kuhlanganiswa imateriali ye-R-30 ngaphandle kanye ne-R-13 kuzo zinye zomhlaba, lezi zindlu zilule amathuba okugcinwa kwe-R-43. Kuba noba abasebenzisa kuzo ezindlini eziphakade, lokhu kungu-ASHRAE kuzo leli qembu elingu-5 ngokungu-1/5, lokhu kungenza abasebenzisa bakethula amaphela noma badinga ukhokho.

Imiqa yokugcinwa ngokuphakade:

• Imirhumo yokuqhekeza ikhansela ngokwezimali ezingama-580 ngonyaka (ngokwemibini yesiGaba seNkando se2023)
• Imirhumo egcineni lekango lamanzi yekhansela libuye libe ngezansi kwe-8% (kubengwa kwe-25–35%)
• ukuthanda kwezimali kwe-92% ngokuphelele kwezokwelapha

Le ndlela ibukwa ngama-83% wabasebenzisi besivakalisi ngemfundo yemoto yesi-2024 njengendlela ephawulekayo yokulayisha inkandla, ukuphelele nokusebenza kwezindawo.

Imithwadi yokusebenza ngokwesimo sezingane ngemoto yamakhonteyina

Imithwadi yokusebenza ngokwesimo sezingane ngokwesikhawulezi sokusebenza ngokuphelele

Imithwadi yokusebenza ngokwesimo sezingane iyahluka ngokubangelwa kwesikhawulezi. Isihloko se-2024 seBhizinisi lasebenza ngemithwadi yokusebenza:

Isibonelo, ukuthayelela kusukela kwe-R-12 ku-R-21 wemikhaltsha eYanqing, eChina, yakhula amathayeleli okugcina ngama-34% ngemvulo yeWinter Olympics (Tong et al., 2022).

Imifula Ezingqelene: Ukukhetha Imiphakathi Eningiweyo ye-R-Value kunye nokulinganisa ukulahlekisa kwamagagas

Xa kusebenzwa nezulu ezingaphantsi kwe-frezingi, ukufumana ubungako bokungenani be-R-25 bokulingana nezinga elithile labo lasebenza kakhulu kungaba yimali eqinisekisa ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngokuphindwa kwe-40% ngokwesicelo se-ScienceDirect esikhundleni 2024. I-spray foam yaselungile iya kusebenza ngokwaneleyo kulo hlelo ngokuba iyafaka amagapu amancinci kude kumakathini amanqanaba kwaye inika ngokuphindwa kwe-R-6.5 nganye inci ekuhambeni kwalo. Ii-container eziguquliweyo ngokwengezweyo zinethanda lokusebenzisa i-cellulose ezityenziswa ngokushushu enika ngokuphindwa kwe-R-3.8 nganye inci. Le nto iyakuthibela ukungcola kwezulu kuzo ezinye iindlela apho i-batt insulation ayisebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo, into engaba yindlela abasebenzi basebenzisa xa bawusebenza kwezindlu eziphambeneyo okanye nezifundazwe eziguquliweyo.

Imifula Eshisayo: Ukuphatha i-Vapor Permeability kunye ne-Condensation

NgesiKhechana ne-2022 HVAC Load Analysis, i-insulation enesithombe sokuvuleka kanye nepermittance ye ≤1 perm isula risk condensation nge-57% emazweni amadla. Kuzothakazelwa ukuthi:

• Izinhlobo zokuvula : Sebenzisa ingceke yeminye (16 perms) emuva kwamagqabi akasika ukuvikela ukugqibela
• Izimpela zokushisa : Yibangela ukuya kuye kwe-97% yeshisa leliya lasezweni lapho kusettlwa ngemoye wezinyoni ezingcolile
• Ukulandelana nokunciphisa ubuchitha : Hlala amagqabi okushisa kugcwele kuzindawo ezithintekayo ukungakwazi ukondensela

Isixazululo esinhle: Kuzindawo ezinezulu eliphezulu njengase-Miami (90°F, 80% RH), thela amadoda ukuze kuvuleke kanye nokushisa kanye nokuvulindlela amagqabi okushisa kwezinyoni ezinkulu nezindzawo zasekhanda nezindzawo zasepheshe ngamaphethola we-R-12 ukungavimba ishisa esikhulu sokulola nezinyoni ezinkulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani i-insulation ikhulu kakhulu kuzindlu ezikhakanyiwe ngokucaca?

I-insulation ikhulu kakhulu kuzindlu ezikhakanyiwe ngokucaca ukuze kubeke izindlela zokuguqula ishisa ngokuba i-steel inesithombe sokushisa esikhulu, okungenzeka ukuthola okuphansi kwezindleko zokushisa nokuyela. I-insulation engeye nakunake iphumelela ukulawulisa ukuvuleka kanye nokungavimba ukuthi kuhlelwe amaphoyisa.

Yiziphi izimaterialo zokulinganisa ngokuhumeshayo kwezindlu evela kophutha?

Izimaterialo zokulinganisa ngokuhumeshayo kufaka phakathi i-spray foam enenani eliphakeme le-R, amaphaneli wefoam ezingcono kakhulu ukulungiselela umoya, nezindleke zomoya zokulungisa ukuphila.

Kufanele ngichane kuleli yekhanda noma kuleli yephezulu ukulinganisa indlu yamaphutha?

Ukulinganisa kwi phezulu kuyindleke kakhulu ngoba ikhondla indawo yekhanda, ikhinda ukudonsela kwezinto ezilulu, futhu inikeza ukulinganisa okuphelele kwezinyukelo. Ukulinganisa kwi khanda, noma iyindleke ukulibala kwezinto eziphatheni, kungakhetha ukuncipha indawo yokulala futhu kudinga ukulinganisa okunye kwezinto ezimoya.

Yiziphi izindlela zokunqoba kufanele zenziwe ukuvikela ukuphakama kwezinyukelo kwezindlu evela kophutha?

Ukusebenzisa ukulinganisa okuphelele kwe phezulu njengefoam ezingcono kakhulu kwenza ukulinganisa okuphelele okuvikela ukusulela kwezinyukelo kwi C-channel beams, okungcolisa ngokushesha ukuphakama kwezinyukelo.

Kungani ukulinganisa kufanele kube nezindlela ezahlukene ngokwesimo sekalimu?

Imithwalo yokuhlukaniswa kufanele iyavumelela nabuciko: ama-R-value aphezulu kanye nokulungiswa kweyohlu kuzindawo ezibishayo, nangoba kuyindlela yokuphatha ukuphathelene kwamavumbi kuzindawo ezifihlekayo ukuze kuvikele ukudonsa.