Izindlu Zekhontayinima Zingasetshenziselwa Ngokusemthethweni?

Ukungcolana Kweqondo Kunye Nenkinga Yemoto Yezindlu Zokugcina

Ubunzima Obukhona Ngokwayo Kunye Neenguqulelo Zokudizayini Yee-Container Eshishini

Ukwenza kwezindawo zokugcina kufaka iindlela eziluhlaza zezityeleti kunye nezibhambo ezinkulu, okwenzela ukuba ezi ziphondo zibe nzima kakhulu ngaphandle kwemimangaliso engcono nangamathuba. Ngexesha elidala, zenzelwe ukulahla ubunzima obukhulu emazijeni - ngoko ke ama-60 thousand pounds aphakathi kwegolide. Ngokuba zonke izindawo zokugcina zibonakala njengoko zisiseko sesifundazwe, abadizayini bangakha ngokwahlukileyo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kubunzima obukhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ngoba yonke indawo yokugcina ibalulekile njengoko siseko, abadizayini bangakha ngokwahlukileyo ngaphandle kokuthintana nobunzima obukhulu.

Ubude Bokuphila, Ukungasikhathala Kwesityeleti, Kunye NeeHlangothi Zokuphila Ngokude

Iindlu ezibekweyo zikalasileyo zingaba phakathi kowe-30 ukuya kude kube 50 ngonyaka uma zihlondlwini kakuhle, okuchaphazela izinto ezifana nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwi-corrosion nokugcina ubunzima. Ukucaywa kusuka kusuku ngapakathi kumhlaba wasekunene kunaphakade, oko kuthetha ngokukodwa ukuba kusuka ngapakathi ngamaxesha angama-40%. Kodwa kukhona iindlela zokuphulaphula lo msebenzi. Iinkcukacha ze-Epoxy zisebenza kahle, kwaye ukuvuselela ku-steel esekelweyo kwenza umehluko mkhulu ekunxibeni inkcitho yocayiso. Ezinye iintsolobalo ezintsha ezavela ngothando lwelisha bengenxa ukuba iindlu ezibekweyo ezenziwe nge-insulation emazulwini amadala aphantsi aphila ngamaxesha angama-90% yeziko laphendulo ngemva kowe-20 ngonyaka, ikakhulu xa abawebi babeka iivapor barriers ne-primer ephantsi kwezinc rich ngexesha lokwakha.

Ukungcola Kweenguquko Kwisimo Esizimeleyo

Ukwenza izindiza ezintwini zezinkundla noma zezinyoni kuyisidingo sokuthula kwazo ukulinda izinhlaka futhi kusho okuthile kufanele sifake uhlelo oluthuthukisa. Uma umuntu ususa kulinganayo kwezingu-15% yendawo yesiqu, kakhulu kudinga isiteki sobuchwepheshe. Izithuthi zokuthunyelwa eziqinile zikwazi ukulinda amaphundi angu-8,000 ngalinye elizondla uma azishintshi, kodwa uma zishintshelwe ngalezo zonke izimboni, izibukhi zihlangothi ziyadingeka ukuze zilindele kanjalo njengaphambi. Ukulandela izinhumbha ze-IBC ngempela kuyinzuzo yokuthi mngeni wasebenzise injeni eyakwazi ukubenza kuqala kumsebenzi. Ubuqhubekiso bakhe buyenzelisa konke ukuze kugcinwe ububi emva kwesikhathi.

Isibonelo: Imfazwe engu-25 yeNkonyama yomnyango we-Container e-Oregon

Indlu yekhonteyinima eyakhiwe ngo-1998 e-Astoria, Oregon isetshenziselwa ukwesabala. Iyakhiwe ngendilinga yesilika se-Corten esisemthethweni nasekugcineni kwegesi enezindiza ezivalekileyo, yayizophazanyiswa ngokuphelele kusukela eminyakeni engu-25. Lokhu kungcono umnyama ngamaphersenti angu-78 kunazo izindlu zomthambo wodaka ezifundeni. Xa kusebenzisa ukubuka okutholakala ngokwesithunzi, kwakha kubonakala ukuthi kukhona ukugcina okuhle kakhulu kuzo zonke izinxenye zomthombo. Abakhiqizi bathi amahawula atholakala ekugcineni kwezinsuku zonke ziyanele ngamaphersenti angu-23 kunazo ezinye izindlu ezifana nokukhulu ezenzezindawo ezinye zomphakathi. Leli phikisano lufanana nalelo abasebenzi basebenza ngalo ngokuvamile ngengxoxo mayelana nezindlu ezihlaziywe kakhulu zekhonteyinima ezingena ngaphezu kwezinsuku zingu-50 uma zihlanjelwa kahle.

Amakholothi Okukhula, Ukuhlanganiswa, Nokuthintana Kwezimali Ngokudala

Kanjani Amakholothi Okukhula Nezimiso Zekhonteyinima Ezihlukahlukene Ngokomphakathi

Imitholampilo ngamaphakheji amandla ihlukahluka ngokuthi umuntu ufuna ukubhila kuphi. Ngenhla, kufanele ababhili bakhombisa ukuthi i-containers zabo zingasimama izihlobo ngemisebenzi ephelele yokunqamula. Ngakunye, emzantsi kwezindawo ezithintekayo ngezinkathazo njengeCalifornia, kudingeka kube khona izibopho zesikweletu okungcwele kuzinkathazo. Kusafani uma uh comparison phakathi kwezimali nezindawo eziphilayo. Iziphakamiso zilandela ukuvumela abantu ngaphezulu kokuba bangakhethi kanjani nokubhilela lezi gumbi. Kodwa uma ushaya emadiningeni kungenjalo kunezimali ezivamile ezigcwele ngokuthi kungani okubonakala ngempela kusoni. Ngokwesicelo sezinhla esisha kusukela kuModular Building Institute, maphakathi angama-4 kati kanye ama-10 emazweni yaseMelika manje anezinyathelo ezithile ezithile ngokwesifundo nangokwesilinganiso sekwalasiko ngokwesifundo se-container housing projects.

Ukusebenzisa International Residential Code (IRC) kumaseko wezindlu ze-Container

I-IRC isetshenzisa amathulwana okhuseleko ekuqaleni, kufakwa phakathi kwezimali ezininzi (7.5 ifoot) nezinqumo zokuphuma ngemhla yekhono. Kodwa, izithuthi ezinguququkayo kumele zibonise ukuthi zinesimo esihle ngemuva kwebandla—lo ungcoliswa kakhulu. Emakolweni angu-22, kudingeka ukubhaliselwa kwesilinganiso sesingeni ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa ubungozi bebandla kumthambo wokuthutha.

Ukugcina Izindawo Nokuthola Izivumo Zomthambo Wokugcina Ngokuthutha: Ukulandela Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesifundazwe

Ukugcina izindawo kusenzelisa kakhulu ukuvunyelwa:

Ukuqashwa ngaphambilini kwezidlalo zomphakathi kuvuselela izimo zokwenzeka; 72% yezinhlangano zidinga okungenani ukwahlukaniswa okukodwa kwezoning (Urban Land Institute 2023).

Izimpendulo Zombuso: Izindlu Zokuhlala Ezivela Kuvingeziwe Ngempilo eCalifornia neFlorida

Ecaleni kaseCalifornia, kuvunyelwe izindlu ezingu-18 ezivela kuvingeziwe ngemoto yesandla ye-Corten nendawo yokulima enehleli yendalo ukuze ingcine amathiphu akwenzakalo. EFlorida, inkampani engu-12 iphume isivikelo ngokudubula kwe-epoxy enobuhlobo obungcono balesi namaholide kanye nezipho zihluphelekileyo ezilondoloziwe kumakhila angu-175—lezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo nezibuyekezwe ze-IRC 2023.

Indlela Yedonga Ngendonga Ukuthola Isivumo Sezoning

1. Yenza ulahlazo olwendawo ophambili ngezidingo zomphakathi ngasekhaya kuzindawo zomphakathi
2. Hambisane izinhlelo ngaye ku-IRC Chapter 3 (Ukwenza Kwalinde) kanye noChapter 11 (Ukusebenzisa Kwezimali)
3. Hambisa izibalo zokwenza kumagaka amavivino amalungiselelwe
4. Lungise izinkinga zokuphepha kwamanzi ngokulungiselela imitholampofu engavulwayo
5. Dala izikhathi zokuhlola futhi ngokuphazinywa kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuguqulwa

Ukuqina Kwegunyazi Nokuthintana Okuvamekileyo Kuzindlu Zesithuthi

Kungani Izithuthi ZeSteel Zibangela Iziphongo Zokuthintana Nokulungisa Itemperetsha

Indlela leyaphathwa ngayo ubushane ngu steel kuyinkimbinkimbi ngempela. Ngaphandle kwebhola, lezi zindawo zengxenye zingakwazi ukuthatha ubushane kakhulu kunezindawo ezivamile ezinezintlangu, okusho ukuthi izimo phakathi kwalezo ziphondo zihlaza kakhulu phakathi komthubi nomfutha. Lokho kwalokhu kwasemkhenkheni ngo-2022 kabhala emva kwezindlu ezenziwe ngezithuthi eChennai, eIndia, futhi lokho bakhombeshwayo kubonakala kakhulu. Iziphondo ezingapholakali zidinga amandla angaphezu kuka-60% engcolweni kunazo ezinhlelekile ezinezindlu ezinezindlu zezindlela ngoba izindawo ezinezintlangu zizivikela kanjani ubushane. Kune problem enye futhi. Uma izithuthi aziphathalalwanga kahle, umphisi uphakeme phakathi, wenza izimo apho amashumayeli akhula kakhulu kunokuba sibona kakhulu kuzindlu ezinhle. Izahluko ziqinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi iphinde ibe yishumi elineshumi na-thupha kakhulu kulezi zimo.

Izimpendulo Ezilungileyo Zomthelela Nezindlela Zokumiswa Kwizithuthi

Ifothi elayizaliswe ngokugcwele licolwa kwi-67% yezivinini ngoba linemiphefumulo yokulungisa amanzi nokukhusha. Kodwa, ukudlulisela iipaneli zangaphandle ze-polyiso ngezinto ezinezulu ngaphakathi kungenza ikona ehlukileyo kakhulu emasimini aphelile (MDPI 2020).

Ukukhetha Izixhobo Zokulungisa Umoya Ngendlela Esemgangathweni Ukunika Ukuhlonipha Kwihlobo lonke lweminyaka

Iindlela ezingavumelekanga njenge orientation yentonga-njalo (ekhupha ingcinwa yasolari ngama-34%), i-floring enobukhulu obukhulu, ne-overhangs zenqanaba ezine-24-inch zingakhusela i-HVAC ngama-19% emasimini anobubi. Umntu ophila eMichigan wafumana ubomi obulungileyo be-68°F kwihlobo lonke lweminyaka usebenzisa ityhubhu yesandla neevinile ethathu ngaphandle kokuchazela okuchazwayo.

Isibonelo EsinguNyaniso: Ukulawula Okuhle Kwegunya eGare Likhona eTexas

Umphathi weGare eHouston wahlawula izindleko zokuchazela ngama-40% usebenzisa iipaneli ezintathu zangaphandle ze-polyiso, i-roofing enenjongo yokukhusha, neesloti zokuvavanywa. Le xhobo ifumana i-U-value ye-0.05 BTU/(hr·ft²·°F)—30% ngaphezulu kwezigaba zomthwalo waseTexas (Western Shelter 2020).

Izidingo Zempilo Nokuphepha Kusindikitshelwe Kwamathontela Esengezwe

Ukuthintana Kwemithetho Engcono Esebenzwa Ngaphambilini

Amathontela ahleli angaba anengqondo engcono ebizwa ngaloo kwekhiwulelo elandelayo njengamakhimikali ezenjini, izixwayiso zokulima, nezilimi ezihlangothi. Ukuhlaziywa kwakamuva kune-2023 kwabonisa ukuthi umkhawulo wobude besifazane wamathontela amahlukene abe nesilinganiso sangaphakathi kakhulu kukaqu kwe-lead ngokulinganiswa nokulinganiso okuhlelwako kwe-EPA. Isimo sibangelwa kangcono yizindlela eziphuma emazweni aphilayo, apho kubekhona izilinganiso zokungcoliseka ezine uphawu lwesikhombisa kakhulu kunokulinganiso okuvumelekile. Inkomba enye ibangelwa yi-treatment yezingxenye ezasezinsukwini ezitholakala khona i-chromated copper arsenate (CCA), futhi kuyadingeka ukuba kugcinwe kakhulu kwezimali ezisetyenzisiweyo ekhishweni. Lezi zinto zibangela imiphumela emangalisayo ekuphileni uma kungeke kuzivikelwe ngendlela efanele ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amathontela.

Imigomo Yokuhlaziywa Okufanele Ekuguqulweni Kwezokuphila

Ukuguquleka kahle kudinga ukucula ngokugcwele: ukuthwashwa ngehheji elikhulu, ukusilwa okunqamuka ukuze kususwe ipenti yadala, nokungabi yezinhlelo zokukhupha izinkohlakalo. Izixwayiso ze-epoxy nezindawo ezangotiwe ngaphandle zibonisa izigaba ezikhangayo zokuphepha. Ukuchazwa kwezimali emva kwebhodi, ekulandelayo kuzimiso ze-ASTM, kuhlanza ububi—izinkampani eziphathelene nokuguquleka zithola ukuba 97% zihlambana nezimiso zempilo yasekhaya ngokusebenzisa lezi zivumelwano.

Isibonelo: Ukuthola i-Lead nezisuselwa kwezimali ezavela kucontaine

Lapho abalungisi bahlola izindlu ezingu-120 zokuthutha eempandi yaseMiami ngonyaka odlulileyo, babona into engakwamukelwa. Kulezi zindlu, i-18 - ngaphezu kwe-15% yesibonelo - sithunywa sokuphazanyiswa kwemithi yokuhlaba kakhulu kune-0.5 mg ngasorting m². Le nto ingakhiqizeli indimba yokuphefumula uma umuntu usolwa ngokudala. Isimo sabengcono lapho besibuka ukulahlekelwa kwe-lead. Izindlu ezingu-37 zazikhipha phakathi kwe-248 micrograms ngasorting m², okuyisahluko esineketimes kulinganiso elithembekile nguWorld Health Organization njengoko kufanelekile emakhaya. Lezi zinombolo kumele zibangise umuntu wonke ngokubuyela emva ngaphambi kokuguqula izindlu ezindala zokuthutha ngaphambi kokubona impilo yabo yamuva futhi kuhlola imigudu yezinhlangothi.

Ukubala Izindlu Zesilingo Ngokwesivumelwano Sokuphila Okudala

Ukulungana Kwegadi, Ukuphila Okuhlanzekile, Nokuphila Ngokudala

Ukubungaza ngezithuthi zokuthunyelwa kancane kube yizindlela eziphucaka kwizindleko zokuqala ngama-30 kuze kube ngu-50 iphesenti kunalokho okubekwe ngendlela eyisisekelo, ngaphezu koko kugcina amathambo angcamancamane awayekile. Ngokwemibuko yesifundazwe, le mithombo inakeka kangakanani kune-40 izinyanga uma ihlondolozwa kahle futhi inezimboni ezihambelana nezimo zasekhaya futhi nezimboni zomoya. Ubume bempahla bezithuthi bezindlu kuyakwazi ukusebenzisa indawo ngendlela efanelekile futhi kuyathonga kakhulu umlilo wasezulwini. Kodwa kukhona okukodwa okubaluleke kufanele kuchazwe. Amashikelelo emthentekiso ayehlisa kakhulu umthubi ngendlela elimphikisayo, ngakho uma akungekho isilayitha esihle njengefoam yokushisha noma ipleni eziqinile, abantu abasebenzisa bangathanda ukuba bathintile kakhulu ekupheleni komvula noma ekunxuxweni ngeminyaka engu-4.

Izinhlanza Ezikhuthaza: Ukuthembeka Kwezindlu Zesithuthi Ezenzekelayo Kengaphandle Nezindawo Zasendlela

Dhenvero neSithilu sasiza kusetyenziswa kwezindlu ezivela kumathontishele ezenziwe ngokulahla izaphulelo zabo. Ngokoqobo 28% yezindlu ezincinci ezivunyelweyo ngo-2023 zazisebenzisa amathontishele afakwa phantsi. Emakhaya aphelile, abantu abakhula izindlu ezingaphandle kwesigaba sezigaba sasiza kakhulu - ngaphezu kuka-72% kunjalo ngo-2021. Kungani? Lezizinda ezivela kumathontishele zazikhiqizwa kuphela kuma-4 ukuya ku-6 iinyanga kunokulingana nenguqulelo yesifundo esikhulu kumahluko, ngaphandle koko zakhuseleka kahle kakhulu ngexesha elibi. Uhlazo olwamandla lwesiFundo lweNtlu yoMthetho weInnovative wokugcwalisa 2024 lubonisa into ethile enegugu. Umntu ngowonye kubashumi babini obafuna indlu bafikira kuthi izindlu ezivela kumathontishele zingasebenza njengendawo eya kuhlala khona. Lento ibalulekile ukuba mthetha.

Ukucinga Kokugcina: Izindlu Ezivela Kumathontishele Ziyimangaliselo njengeNdawo Yokuhlala?

Ukuba izindlu zokuhlala ezitholakale kuzo zilindele iminyaka, kunezinto ezintathu eziphambene okuthi kumele kubaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukulandela lezi ziNCWAM ethinta izidingo zomthwalo wovuna nasezinkeleni kuyisidingo esibalulekile kakhulu. Kanti ke kudinga ukulungiswa kwesimo sokuphazanywa, ikakhulu apho emganeni lapho umoya oshishayo ungaba yinkinga enkulu. Futhi, musa ungcabangi amagugu akhona aqondene ngokugcwele kuyo yonke indlu. Ukubalisa lezi zindlu kusebenza kahle emakhaya apho isimo sezulu singcono njengeCalifornia noma Colorado, apho senzakalashe ziningi ngemuva kweminyaka. Kodwa kusuke kube yinkinga emakhaya apho kunesimilo esibuhlungu uma umuntu angayisebenzisi kakhulu izinhlelo zokushisa, ukuvavanywa, nezinhliziyo. Ukuqeqeshwa oku kudinga ukuthola ababhali abazi ukuguquguquka kumahlathi wezithuthi, futhi kufanele uthole wonke amava okulawula kabefore ukudluliswa kokubalisa. Lokhu kubalwa kuqala kuyinto eyodwa eyahlukene phakathi kumsebenzi ongcono nokuthi kuphikisanwa ngezinkinga emva.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Kungani izinkinga zokwenza amaphakheji okulahla ukuba yizindlu?

Izindlu ezinamaphakheji okulahla zenziwe ngemigqa yezulu enezinkwa nezinqumo ezinzulu, futhi zibanzi kakhulu kumzimba omuhle nokuthintana ngezinkwa. Zingasebenze ngomkhosi omkhulu kanye namandla angaphezu kwamavili angama-150 kumazuzu.

Igubhu lenyaka elilodwa indlu enephakheji?

Izindlu ezenzakalaleli zingalala phakathi kwezingu-30 kuze kube ngu-50, ikakhulu uma kuzinzwa ngokushesha kanye nokulungiswa okufuneka kwenziwa njengokulungisa izinto eziphazanyisayo. Ezinye izahluko zibonise ukuthi izindlu ezenzakalaleli ezinezikhwephesha zingabala ngaphezu kwezingu-90% yeziko lapho ezinye izinsuku ezingu-20 zibalale.

Ziziphi izimpendulo nezivumelwano ezidingekayo kumaqondo amaphakheji?

Ukuchazwa kwezimali kusobala kakhulu ekuvunyeniseni izindlu ezenzakalaleli. Amadwebo alandelana anezimali yasendlelini inezimali ezingu-42% kunazo ezifanayo noma ezihlangene. Kukhunjulwa ukuthi kugcwaliseke kude kude nabadala baphathalale encwadi yokuplanisha ukuze kuthuthukise izimo.

Ziziphi izinto ezilungileyo ekulungeniseni izikhwephesha kumaqondo amaphakheji?

Izihlangothi ze-spray foam nezihlangothi ze-polyiso zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngokuba zinamandla okulungisa amava nokwehla kwesibindi. Emasimini apholile, ukudibanisa izihlangothi zangaphandle ze-polyiso nezilonda ezasekhohlo zenzele indiza yobuhlungu kungenjalo.

Ingaba kukhona imithetho yesiphilofile ekubeni kusetyenziselwe phantsi iindawo zokuthunyelwa?

Yebo, iindawo zamva mhlawumbi zinengqondo yeentombi ezingezantsi ezithile. Ukucula kabini, imithetho yokucula, nokuchazwa kwexabiso lomoya kuyakhe kakhulu ukuze kwenzeke ngendlela efanelekileyo.