Izidingo zokulawulwa kuzwa kungenhla futhi imiphumela yokuphepha kwabasebenzi iyaphakama, okwenza ukulawula ukushwama emakhazini amamakhethe asimameli akwaziya ukungakhathali. Ngokomcabango we-Applied Acoustics okusha publishwe kuleli yesiGcintshwa, kungekhona ama-factories engama-3/4 apho amandla wokushwama ayephefumla amakhanda angu-85 decibels aqala ukulahla amaganti okungabi ngeke ayilandelwe. Lokhu kwenze isicelo esikhulu ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwezinye zokushwama ngemindeni yonke. Manje amakhampani amaningi ayachaza ukukhuphuka ukushwama kuqala futhi kulokho kungaphandle kokulindela lapho ukuvikela izinkinga kungaba khona ngemali encane futhi kungenhla.
Indlela lomculo uvaleka ngaphakathi kwamakhaya aphakathi kahle kuyindlela ngokwehlukile kakhulu kumaqondo amanqanu ngokuba yonke le metalo ephambene nezinto zokubanda ngokuphelele. Iindleko nezitya zemetallo zingaba yindlela yokuthutha kakhulu ukuba imculo ivaleke ngaphakathi kwezi ndawo. Sicela sikhulume ngezikhathi zokubandakanya umculo okanye kuthatha kakhulu kwaye kuthathe kwezikhathi ezingama 0.8 kuya ezingama 1.2 noma ngaphezulu. Imculo ayivaleki kuphela ngaphakathi kodwa nezinye izinto. Imiclo yezinto edolophambene iyavelisa ngokuvumelana nezinto eziphambene nezinto zokubanda, ngelixa le mculo engenakho ifikelela ngokuvumelana nezinto zokubanda ngokuphelele. Ngokuba kukho le ndlela evelayo yokugcinwa kwezinto zokubanda, abasebenzisa izinto zokubanda kufuneka bachinge ngokongeziwe xa baya kuthatha isicelo sokulawulwa kwezinto. Umphathi wokulawulwa kwezinto kufuneka ube nezindlela ezimbini zokulawulwa kwezinto; ukuthatha imculo engaphezulu nezindlela zokuthi imculo ivaleke ngokwehlukile.
Iintlobo zokugqibela zibonisa ukuba yintoni ephumelelayo ukuplaniswa ngokulandelana nokulandelelana kwezilayili. Ngokomzekelo, ingxenye yemoto. Phambi kwenye yinto eguqweyo, izilayili zomkuba apha zazithanda ukuba ziyalelela ngokuphezulu kwi-92 dB(A). Emva kokutshintsha ngokutya, zazithatha iipaneli zomkuba kunye nezixhobo zokulandela ukuphendula kwiindawo zokusebenza, izilayili zazinyuka phantsi kwi-81 dB(A). Le nto yokuqina okuphela kwi-12 ibonisa ukuba yonke into iphelele kwiimeko eziphelelekileyo eziqinisekisiweyo yi-OSHA. Ngokonge, abasebenzi aza kudinga ngokoqinisekileyo iiprothekthha zomkuba ezingaphezulu kwi-30 dB azoqeqeshelwa ngazo ngokuphezulu. Okokuqala, iiprothekthha ezingaphantsi kwi-20 dB zisebenza ngokuqinisekileyo, okuqinisekisa ukuba bonke bakhululekile kwaye zisetyenziswa izilayili.
Ukuqukela ngezilayili eziningi kuvumela ukuthi kusebenzwe amabhodi akustika okuphezulu ahlangene nezinto ezijikelezela igiphasitimu noma amabhodi asementi. Lezi zinto zisebenza ngekuwela ukuphazeni okuphumelela kwehlukana nezomno. Inye yezinto eziphathelene nazo yilayili ephelile yesimo eliphezulu, noma i-MLV ngokushushu, oku kubekwa phakathi kwezinye izinto. Uma kusetshenziswa ngokwesicelo, le nto ingakhipha ukwehluka kwegesi, ngokuphela kwezibini ezilandelanayo, ngokulinganisa. I-MLV iyasebenza ngokwemihla ngokukhipha le vibhesheni ezincane ezifana nezithuthi, ngakolunye uhlango lwezilayili ezincane zokuphazeni okutholakala kwezifasisi nezindawo zokusebenza. Ziyizwe zokuthi zihlanganise foomu yisistimu yamandla, noma abanye bathiwa ngokuba yinkimbinkimbi engcono kuneyodwa elilodwa.
Izibhobho zokuxhuma zinesabelo lokuthi ukhohlwe kweqile kanye neziframi zemali ukuze amavivilesi asingaphansi kakhulu kwezindawo nezifulo. Ukuze ungene ngazo nazo iziphazamiso zezifulo ezineziphathi ezirubhayi baza kuthula ingxenye yengcango evela kwezinto eziphazeni ngaphezulu ngenkathi yezibhobho zokuxhuma. Lokhu kuthula ingxenye yengcango evela kwezinto eziphazeni ngaphezulu ngenkathi yezibhobho zokuxhuma. Uma ufuna iziphumo eziyinkimbinkimbi, abasebenzisa izibhobho zokuxhuma zokuxhuma ngokuphambene nezinye izibhobho zokuxhuma. Lokhu kongeza ukukhuthazwa kwezinye izindlela zokuthiwa kwezengcango, ukwenza indawo ingcono ethulile.
Izikhombisi zokugcinwa kwezinye zokungenisa 150mm engenakho umehluli bese zinikeza kancane ukunciphisa kwezinye kwezibini kuma-20 kuya kuma-25 dB. Kodwa xa abasebenzisa izindleko ezingcono ngazo zokungenisa ngokulandelayo, njengezindleko zokungenisa zama-100mm ezingxenye nezicathami zokungenisa futhi nezikhombisi zokungenisa ezifanele, zingase kunciphise izinye kwezibini kuma-45 kuya kuma-50 dB. Ubunzima obuqondile bukuhle ngempela. Okunye okwenza uhlu olukhulu? Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaphakathi aphakathi kwezindleko zokungenisa nezindleko zokuxhumana ngezimali azifakwe ngokuphelele ngezindleko zokungenisa. Le nyathelo encane ingase ikhuthaze ukulethwa okuphelele ngokulinganisa kuma-15%. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi akukho ukubona kuphela okuthi yini okuphelele. Izindleko eziphakeme zinamandla, futhi ukwenza ukusanda kahle kungaba yinkimbinkimbi engcono kokuqondile.
Xa kufika kokuqeda ukungcola okungathanda, ukulawulwa kwezinhlobo kusebenza ngokuthi kuthinte izinto ezingavumelani ukuthi zithumele amano kuzo zonke izindawo ekuhlakweni. Sebenzisa isiteleni esinezingo esilandelene, lokhu kubekwa phakathi kwezisthudi nezinhlaya, kanti kuthula kakhulu ukuthintana ngokwengeza kwezinye izindawo zokuthintana nge-80 kuya kuma-90 pho yekhulu lapho kuh comparison na nezindlela eziphambene nezokudla. Kuye nalendlela yezisthudi ezihlanganisa lapho izinhlobo zokuthandana zilandelwa ngokuhlangana nezinye izinhlaya, ukwenza okubizwa ngokuba yisistimu esingeni. Izinhlaya ezimbili zokudla ziyadinga kakhulu ngokuthi zenze amandla amahhovisi kahle kuzo. Isicatolelo esisha lasebenzisa izinhlaya ezihlanganisa kwezisthudi kwehlule kakhulu amano ngama-52 desibheli, lokhu kungaphezulu kakhulu kwezinhlaya eziyodwa esiyaziwa ngokuba yingxenye engu-37 dB. Ukuhlanganisa okukhulu kakhulu uma kubuzwa mina.
Xa kufika kwekubeka isilawuli esikhundleni, sikhuluma ngekuhluke kwezinye izinhlamvu ezifanayo nezinhlanganisela zokubeka isilawuli esihlobene nezinhangereli zokuzimela noma izindlu zokubeka ezihlobene nezimpuku. Inhloso yonke yekukhumbula ukuthi izivivinyo zingaphansi kakhulu kumathubhule. Le tekniki iyasebenza ngendlela enhle kizindaweni ezingenazo izinhlamvu ezinezingxenye zokwehla ngoba le zingxenye zingasebenzisa isotha ngendlela elula. Uma umuntu wenza izinhlanganisela zezindlu ngendlela efanele engakhundleni kwizinhlanganisela eziphakathi, kahlela bakhona ukuthi izilinganiso ze-STC zingakhula kusukela ku-12 kuya ku-18. Lokhu kwenza le zinhlanganisela kube yinto engiyokuthanda kizindlu zokusebenza apho izinhlayiya ze-CNC zisebenza ngabele noma kizindawo apho izinhlayiya zokusebenza ngendlela yokushisa zisebenza ngendlela elula.
Ukuphumelela kwamanqamuzi ngokwesiko lokuphakama kuhlala kubangela ukunciphisa amanqamuzi kusukela ku-55 isukela ku-62 dB, ngelokho kuthathwa ukhawuleza okuphindwa kabini kwezimali kanye nokunciphisa indawo yokusetyenziswa ngokuphindwa kwe-15 isukela ku-20%. Bakho abasebenzisa izindleko eziphakathi, izindleko zokugcina ngokweqileyo zineenqanawa zokulibala zineesantya ezifana ne-80% zokusebenza kwaye zicinze izindleko ngenkqubo yezithathu, okuyindlela encinaneyo yokugcina amanqamuzi aphakathi kwezimali. Kuyimfihlakisa ngelokho, izakhiwo ezikhneariyo kwezindawo zokuhlala kufuneka zisebenzise le nkqubo yokuqeda ngokupheleleyo ukuze zilandele ukulawulwa kwezinye izanu kwiinyanga ezingaphezulu kwe-65 dB, ngoko sometimes kufuneka ulale ngaphezulu nangona izinombolo zingakuvumeli.
Ukucushwa kwe-Fiberglass kusetshenziselwa kakhulu emakhaya aphakathi kwezindlu ephakelwe ngaphambi, kuvumela amaphesenti 0.95 ati 4" iphakathi. I-Mineral wool ikhombisa amaphesenti amancane (0.90) engoma kakhulu ngokuphepha kwezinyawo nge-A rating nezinhloso eziphambene nezifrequency ezisukulu. I-Recycled cotton batts ikhombisa ukusebenza okufanayo (NRC 0.87) noma kakhulu yokuphepha, kunezinto ezingu-80% ezingaphandle kwezimali.
| Impahla | Inani le-NRC (4" iphakathi) | Ukushisa (λ-value) | I-Eco-Score (1–5) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ifibulejisi | 0.95 | 0.040 W/mK | 3 |
| I-Mineral Wool | 0.90 | 0.035 W/mK | 4 |
| Izulu ezingcono | 0.87 | 0.038 W/mK | 5 |
I-spray foam esivalwe kugcizelela ukuphakama kwezinhlayiya ezingafani, ukuba kufinyeza kwezingu-55 dB we-sound transmission loss ngokudluliselana. I-Fiberglass panels ezinhlayiyeni zikuthula ukushisa kwezindlela zokusebenza ngama-30%. Imicabango ikhombisa ukuthi ukudibanisa izilungiselelo zokucushwa nezindlela zokuhlukanisa kuthuthukisa ukuthibela izifrequency ezincane (<500 Hz) ngama-18% ngaphezulu kwezilungiselelo zokucushwa kuphela.
Izilwanyana eziphambeni nezilungiselelo phakathi kwama-0.85 nama-1.05 Noise Reduction Coefficient (Izilungiselelo zokumelana nezilwanyana) zikhona okungenhla kuzo kwiindlela zokusebenza ngoku. Kodwa izilwanyana ezintsha zokumelana nezilwanyana ezingenakho umoya ziyaguqula into, ziyilandela ngokungenhla kuma-1.15 NRC kodwa zidinga kuphela imitha ethathu esikhundleni sokuthini kanye nezinene. Lokhu kunciphisa indawo ephakeme kwiindlela zokusebenza apho umkhawulo ngamathupha uyahlulela. Kuzo odinga ukumelana nokudonsa njengokwenza izindawo zokusebenza ngemvelo, kukhona futhi iziphasi ezithuthwe ngemvelo ezimelana ngokungenhla kuma-0.92 NRC noma lapho kumele kakhulu. Izilwanyana eziyindlela zokusebenza kuzo izikhlini zokusebenza ngemvelo ngoba izikhlini lezi zimelana nezilwanyana eziphakathi kwama-72 nama-84 decibels. Okuqukethwe yilokhu sibona ngoku yilokhu izilwanyana eziphambeni kwezokumelana nezilwanyana ziyimelana ngokuthulasukile kakhulu noma ngama-40% ngaphandle kwezindlela ezindala. Ziyimelana ngokuhle lapho kucatshangwa izindleko eziningi kanye nezidingo ukulungisa izilwanyana.
Noma izinhlobo ezinhle zokwenza zilahlela ukusebenza uma amakhombo awavalwanga. Imithwalo echitha ingculuko iyahlisa amandla okulayela kumakamu kanye nezindawo zokuxhuma kwemigqa, apha amagasket angaphansi kwezinhlobo zokwenza ayagcina ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izindawo. Izinyoni zokuvalela ngokuzenzekela nezinyoni zazo ezine 360° zokuxhuma kuzo zonke izinhlango zilahlela ingculuko nge-8 dB kunamaphu amanje, oku kungenisa kakhulu ubunzima bokugcina.
Imimandla evela kwezifansi ekuhlaleni kwemijini iqukume izivivinyo ehlukene ngokusebenzisa amagatya ahlanzekileyo njengezindlela ezimbonene. Uma abasebenzisa amagatya ahlanzekileyo anemathikhethi wesilika phakathi kwesilika sesementi nezendamitha zokuhlola, bangakhipha izivivinyo ngama-20 desibeli. Umlando wokudluliselwa kwelinye iqhaza lapho kunesikhathi esilodwa kwezinye izindawo ezisebenzisa le magatya ahlanzekileyo nezindawo ezilandelweyo ngokuphakama kwezimali zokukhishwa kwasekhaya, kubonakala ukuba kune ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwezivivinyo ngama-28 desibeli. Lokhu kubaluleka kakhulu lapho kunezindlela zokuhlola ezihambisana noma izindawo ezisebenzisa amagatya ngokuphelele.
Ababhili abakhubekile manika izipaneli ezigcwetwe ngaphambili nezilayisiyo, izikhawulwana ezingavumeleka kanye nezilayisiyo ze-MLV. Lezi sistimu ezifakwe kakhulu kuzo izi-STC zilandela amathuba oku-52–58 akunye nokuthula kwezimali zasekhaya ngama-40%. Kukulawulwa okuhlelekile, izigumbi ezisayensiwe nezilayisi ezilandelayo nezilayisiyo zokulahla ukuthiwa kwekompresasi kanye nokuthiwa kwepompi ngama-25 dB(A) ngaphandle kokudinga inzululwano yokulungisa.
Ukulawulwa kokuqinisekile kwezimboni kuzindawo ezigcwetwe ngaphambili kufuneka kusebenze ngokulandelana kwezilayisi:
Le ntjombo yokuxhumana leliyinto engaphezulu kuka-60% ngokulahla kwezimboni kunazo zonke izindleko ezingokomlando, ekunikeza ukusebenza ngokomthetho futhi kuyisicelo esibonakalayo kusukela kusizathwe kuya kusebenzwa.
Ukuphatha ingxenye yokuqala kakhulu kwiindlela ezifakwayo ngaphambi kwezindlu zokusebenzela ngokuba yindlela yokuhlinzeka nezimalo zokuphepha abasebenzi. Ukuphatha ngqo kwenhlanhla kuthintela ukungabonakala kwezimalo futhi kusinikeza umhlahlandlela wokusebenza okuphephile.
Izindlela eziphambene nezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwiindlela zokusebenzela kutholakale kwiindlela eziningi zokubhala, izinto ezingcono kakhulu, nezinhlelo zokuphatha amandla ukuze akuvunyelwe ukudluliswa kwamandla.
Izinhlelo zokutholwa kwezinye izinhlelo njengezinhlelo ezingcono kakhulu kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokuphatha amandla zithuthukisa ukunciphisa amandla ngokuthi zithola amandla wokudluliswa, ukuvikela ukuthi amandla awadli kakhulu kuzindlu.
Izinto njengezinto ezifudumele, izinto ezifudumele kakhulu, nezinto ezifudumele kanye nezinto ezifudumele zokuphatha amandla zinikeza amandla angena kakhulu, okwenza banele ukuphatha amandla kwiindlela ezifakwayo ngaphambi kwezindlu zokusebenzela.
Ukuhlela amaphakathi ngokusebenzisa i-acoustic sealants, ukusebenzisa i-neoprene gaskets, nokufaka i-automatic door sweeps kungaba yindlela enkulu yokwehlisa inzuzo yesandi kumaphakamende.
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