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Ukudesigna Ukuphila Kude Kwemiphoyisa Ezenziwe Ngamathilu
Faka Amathuba Osho Akwakhiwe Ngokwesimo Sesikhathi (Umvuzo, Umsindo, Ukuqonda Kwesibhakabhaka)
Ukufunda ngokuphelele imithwalo eyodwa kuyisisekelo esikhulu uma kubakwa izindawo zokusebenza zezinkolo zokubakwa ezinamandla okukhula kwezinkinga eziphambili. Uma kubhekwa lezi zindawo zokusebenza, abahleli bafuna ukuzibona ngamaphuzu amadlinga asekhaya njengezinhlobo zezinye zokugcina, indlela okwenzeka ngayo ukuthi izilwane ziyagcina phansi, nokuthi kunezimfushane zokuphuma kwemifula noma zingakanani izimfushane zokuphuma kwemifula kule ndawo. Isibonelo, emazweni okuqondwa, izindawo zokusebenza kule ndawo zifuna ukuthi zibe namandla angu-40 percent ngaphezulu kokuthi zibe namandla okugcina phansi kwezinye izindawo zokusebenza ezihlukene kule ndawo ngokwesiqephu sika-ASCE 7-22. Manje isoftwe yekhompyutha isebenza ngokujabulisa izimo zokunqamuka zonke ngokufanayo, okuthi izindawo zokusebenza zizobuhle ngokuphelele nakuba kunezinkinga zokuphuma kwemifula. Ngokufanayo, lokhu kunciphisa imali ngokusebenzisa amathikhi angu-kuhlukumele kuphela, ngakho akukho mthwalo wokubhala ngokuphelele kwezinkolo zokubuhle ozokudinga ngokuphelele kwezinkinga zokusebenza zezinsuku zonke.
Khetha iistile zezinkolo zokubakwa ezinamandla okugcina phansi ngokwesikhundla sokubakwa
Izinkomo esizichaza zikhona kuzoba yinkimbinkimbi ekubeni izinto zezindawo ziyadlula ngokuphatha kwe-corrosion. Kumaqondiswano apho izinkampani zezinkampani ziyasebenza ngokuphelele, izinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampan......
Sebenzisa Ukulawula Kwe-corrosion Okuphelele Kumaqondiswano Ama-steel
Ukugqamisa ngokwesibhamu vs. Imithambo Yezinkulungwane: Ukuchazi Kwezinkulungwane Zokusebenza Nokulinganisa Izinga Lokufika Kwemali
Ukugqamisa ngokuphakamisa kwezinkundla zokugqamisa kwenza indawo enkulu yezinkundla zokugqamisa ezinconywa ngokupheleleyo ukuthi zihlinze izilwane zokukhula nangaphakathi kwemikhaya emibi njengezindawo ezingaphakathi kwezilwane zokukhula. Izilwane zokukhula ezifunekayo zingahlanzwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezigcwele-50 ngaphandle kokuzilungisa, okuyisisekelo esihle kubizo obizwa ngokuthi bingaphakathi kwezindawo zokufinyelela emva kokufaka. Ngaphakathi kwalokho, izikrithi zokugqamisa eziningi zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zingafuna izinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqamisa zezinkundla zokugqam......
Imisebenzi Emihle Yokuphatha Isithombe: Ukubeka Isifunda, Ukubambisana Kwe-Primer, Nokufaneleka Kwesi-ISO 12944
Ukudlula Kwesikhathi Sokuphatha Kuyaphenduka Ngokwenza Ngokuphelele—akukho kucacisa kuphela ukukhetha izinto ezisetyenziswa. Imiqondo emikhulu iyindlela yokusebenza yezinto zokuphatha:
- Ukuphatha Ngamaphoyisa ngokwesi-ISO 8501-1 Sa 2.5 (isilwane esinomoya esibomvu) ukususa isikhalo sesilwane nesizinda sokuphatha ngokuhle kokubamba;
- Ukubambisana Kwe-Primer , njengokwezinc-rich epoxies kusuka kwezilwane zokuphatha zokuzimisa nokuphatha okunamathuba okukhanya kwesibini (UV-resistant polyurethane topcoats);
- Ukufaneleka Kwesi-ISO 12944 , okuxhumana nokubeka kwezinhlobo zokuphatha nezinhlobo zemvelo (isibonelo, C4 kumashishini wezichazachaza) futhi kubhekisa ukuthi kufanele kube khona ukuphatha okuphelele kwe-dry film (≥240 µm). Ukungafaneleka kuyisibonelo sokugcina kwezinkulungwane zokuphatha kumashishini—kakhulu ngokungabi nesikhundla esiphelele noma ukubambisana okungafanele kwezinhlobo zokuphatha.
Yenza Ukuphatha Okuphambili Ukuze Ukwandise Isikhathi Sokusebenza Kwesikhumba Sokuzimisa
Imisiko Yokuqonda Ukuthi Kuyisibonelo Sokucinga Ngokwesibonelo (Risk-Based Inspection Schedules) Nokuphatha Okuphambili Okuphambili (Targeted Touch-Up Protocols)
Ukuphatha isikhathi ngaphambi kwezinkinga kusisa iminyaka eyi-15–20 yezindawo zokusebenza—akukho kuphela ukuphatha isikhathi, kodwa ngokubhekisana nokuthi kuyizinkinga eziyizinkinga. Yenza ukuthi izinsiza zezinkampani ziyabhekiswa kuqondisweni lwezinkampani, amapointi okugcina, nezindawo ezinokuthi zilungiselela amanzi noma zibhekiswe kuchemikhali (isibonelo, emuva kwamadreni noma emaqhina wokusebenza). Ukuphatha isikhathi kuyabhekisana nokuphelele kwezinhlobo zomhlaba:
| Isahluko Sokuzinginga | Ixesha lokulandela ngalo | Izindawo Zokubhekiswa Okuphambili |
|---|---|---|
| Okuphelele (emhlabeni wasekunene/wesikrini) | Nganye iintlobo | Izinkampani, ukulungiswa kwezincamtho, ukuvula kwamapointi okugcina |
| Kancane | Ngonyaka | Ukudrena, izinkampani zezindawo zokusebenza, ukulungiswa kwamaphoyinti |
Ukubona lezi zinto eziphansi kusukela kuze zibe yinkimbinkimbi kuyenza umphumela wokuphelele. Uma ubumbano buphakanyiswa noma amakhemikhali abegcwele abadlula, ukusebenza kahle kwezinye izinto kuyisisekelo esikhulu. Qalani ngokugrinda kusukela ku-SSPC-SP 10, ufake isiprima esinamandla amanzi wezinc, futhi uqeda ngamakhemikhali amanji okuhambisana nokuthi aqonde kahle. Amaphlanti angafolwa ngale ndlela ayathola ukuthinteka kwezinsuku eziningi phakathi kwe-30 kanye ne-40 percent ngaphandle kokuzwa ukuthi izinto zihlala zizwana kahle. Ungabhekisi kuphela lokho okubonwa ngomsotho wakho wokubona kuphela. Faka amethode okuzilungisa ngaphandle kokuchitha njengezilingo zokubheka ngokuphuma kwesifuba (ultrasonic thickness measurements) ukuze ubumbano obuhlakazekile bangabonakali kusasa. Gcina inkumbulo yazo zonke izinto ozibona ngeminyaka yokubheka nokulungisa futhi. Inkumbulo enenhle iyenzela izindlela zokubheka ezibalulekile kusasa kanye nokuthinteka kwezinsuku eziningi ngaphandle kokulungisa kahle kwezinye izinto.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Izifiso zokusebenzisa izigaba zesithili esisikhuba ukuthi zisikhumbula kwi-structures zesithili ziyini?
Ukusebenzisa izigaba zesithili esisikhuba ukuthi zisikhumbula kusiza ekuphuthumiseni kwezilinganiso nezinkulungwane zesithili, ikakhulu emizini eyodwa ngokubhekiseka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphambili, ubukhulu bekhanda lezinsuku, nokuthi kunezilwane zomfula waseNtshona. Kunciphisa izindleko zokuzinza ngaphakathi kwesikhathi futhi kuyenza ukuthi isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-structure sibe yisikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ukuchaza ukuthi ukugalvaniza ngokushisa kuhambelana nesistimu yezicabho eziningi ziyini?
Ukugalvaniza ngokushisa kusinika ilayiya yezincinci ephakeme ekhombisa isithili ukuthi lisikhumbula ukuthi lisikhumbula kanye nokunika isikhathi eside esingasizi kwezinkulungwane, okuningi kakhulu kuyaphinda kufika kuma-50 mala. I-sistimu yezicabho eziningi zinika ukuthi zisikhumbula izinto eziphambili futhi zinika izihlanu zemibala kodwa kuyadingeka ukuzinza kabusha ngasinye ama-15 kuze kuma-25 mala. Ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sesi-50 mala, isithili esigalvanizwe sibonakala kahle ngama-20–30% ngaphansi kokuthi kubhaleke kakhulu nakuba kunezindleko zokuthembela ezide kakhulu.
Kungani ukuzinza ngaphambi kokuthi kubhekwe kwezindawo zokusebenza kwezithili ziyisidingo esikhulu?
Ukuphatha isikhathi ngokwemvelo, okufuneka kubhekwe ngokuthandekileyo nokuthintwa kwezinye izindawo, kusisa ubukhulu bamasayili wokusebenza ngokuthi kungavunyelwe izinkinga ezingaphansi ukuba zizwele kuze zibe yizinkinga ezingakhulu. Kuyenza ukuthenga kwesikhathi sokulunga kubonakaliswe kanye nokugcina isikhathi sokungasebenzi, futhi kusiza ekuphatheni ubukhulu bamasayili wokusebenza ngokudla ngamashumi amashibili nangamashumi amabili.
Ukuthi ukuthenga kwenza yini kubukhulu bamasayili?
Ukuthenga kubonakalisa ubukhulu obudingekayo bamasayili ukuthi kubhekele izimo zomhlaba njengezithunzi, izibhamu, nezinkundla zokuphuma kwemithambo. Ukuthenga okuhle kubalulekile ukuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu bamasayili kanye nokusebenza kahle, futhi kusiza ukuthi akubhekwe kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithambo engenazo inzuzo.
