Kungani Kuningiwe Ngempahla Yezimali Zesilondolozi Esenzelwe Ngaphandle?

Ukuncipha Kokulima Kwikonkco Ngokuchazwe Ngokwengeza Kwesilondolozi Esenzelwe Ngaphandle

Ukudala izigaba zokugcina ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokwenza kabeforei kusungula kakhulu ngoba inzuzo yonke ibekwe kumthombo lapho iminyaka ihlukile. Izindlu zokujenga ezenziwa ngendlela ethile ziphazamisa kude kunesikhathi se-10% ukuya ku-15% yezinto ngoba zihlinzekile kakhulu, zidilile ngomvula noma ngelanga, futhi kunezimiso eziphambene ngokulinganisa. Uma abayenzayo bayakha iziqhamo ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphathelene, bangasusa phazamiso ngaphezu kuka-90% ngoba kunezinhlelo zomshini ezihle zilandelayo okuphatha ukugcina nokunakekelwa. Okwafika ekuthwebeni lokujengela kungenye indawo kuyasheshayo ukulungiswa, ngakho akudingeki ukunciphisa kakhulu noma ukugcina izinto ezingaphelelanga ezigcinwa kuphela futhi emva kwaloko zibuyiselwa.

Indlela Yokuqina Ngaphandle Kwezindawo Eziphathelene Iphazamisa Izinto Njenge-90%

Izimo zomthombo zinikeza amandla okulungiselela kahle izinto ngokusebenza kwezintandokazi ezintathu:

• Izimpendulo ze-Digital zihlinza ukulingana okuphelele kwesilinganiso
• Ukuthenga kwamakhishini kwezinto ethuthiwe kusula inkuni yesipakethe
• Istele etholakala emva kokusetshenziswa iyashunjiwa futhi ekwenzweni

Lokhu kube khona okuphambene ngokusobala nokweqendeni ezintandazini, lapho i-30% yekhowudi egcineni ilondoloza kuzo izinto zeqondo (U.S. EPA, 2023). Umthwalo othuthiwe wenza futhi ukuthi kungena kuchitha izinto ngokushisayo—yinto engeza kwi-7% yezinto echanjwayo esikhathini.

Indima yeDizayini Rekhadhi (BIM) kanye neThenga Ngemini Iziphumo

Ukudizayina Kweqiniso Lomphakathi (BIM) kudala imodeli enguqobo eyaziqa izidingo eziqinile zamakhishini ngaphambi kokuthembeka. Lokhu kuvumela:

• Ukubala okucophele kwebhuloki, ukugcina kanye nokufaka amacala
• Ukulungiswa kwesahluko semongo ukuze kusule inkuni yokukhupha
• Ukwenziwa ngaphambi kwegawuli lezisebenzelo kumapaneli wezinhlangothi

Ngokudidekayo nokulethwa kwezinsuku zonke, izimboni ihlangana kuphela uma kudingeka—kujula izindlela zokugcina endaweni nge-65% ikulinganisa nozokwelapha. Amatheki okwakha ngaphandle akhula 98% yezimboni ekuqasheni ngale ndlela yokusebenza enguqukayo.

Ukuncipha Kwamandla Amanzi Nezinkinga Zokusebenza Kwezindlu Ezenziwe Ngaphandle

Ukuthembeka Kwemithetho Yomshini Wokwakha Ngaphandle Kukwenzeka Ngenhla

Ukujengiswa okulungileyo kusungulwe yizindawo zokuthutha kubambelela ukusetshenziswa kwesiseko ngoba lezi zindlela zihlanganisa konke okudingekayo emkhawulweni wempiyeni esisodwa. Amakhampu akaleli kujengiselwano adlulisela izigaba zezingoma eziphinde ziphinde ziyashisa zonke izinsuku ngesikhathi sithola amaphakethe ayashisa. Izigaba ezijwayelekile zihandlenza kabanzi ama-80% wezinto zazokuphakelwa phakathi kwamasafashe ahlelekileyo abambekileyo. Lokhu kushintsha kukunyikela kabanzi ama-40% emishiswa yokuthutha ngoba amaphakethe atholakala ngobukhulu, engalokho lokhu kudluliselwa kuyinye inye, njengoba kuchaziwe ku-PlanRadar 2024. Ngaphezu koko, ekususini kudingeka isiseko likancane kabili kunesibini kulingana nokunjalo njalo. Xa izithuthi zihlanza nezidinga, zizama ukumema umthubi futhi zimemezele imachina ukuba ihlathele kade, lokho kusho ukuthi umbono osindisiwe wocingo lwesifo oluphumelelayo.

Izici Ezifakiweyo Ezilungileyo: Ukubamba Kuphakeme, Ukufaka Kwesilinga Esixhasayeshayo, Ne-HVAC Efanele

Igumbangubo ye-prefab iyaphakamisa ukusebenzisana ngokuphila kwisikhathi sokwakha ngokuthi kunezinto ezintathu eziphambene:

• Ukulungiswa kwe-thomal-envelope : Ukulungiswa kwegumbane le-factory yokufaka aerogel noma polyisocyanurate (PIR) kufika ku- U-values ≤0.15 W/m²K—kunciphisa izindlela zokwanda nokushisa ngama-30%
• Ukuthunyelwa kwe-solar kwi-structure : I-purlins ezinezindlela ezifakiweyo zivumela ukufakwa kwe-PV ngaphandle kwezindleko eziningi
• Ukubaluleka kwe-smart HVAC : Ukuqagqa kwe-ductwork ngezinhlayiya ezi-modular kuvikela ukuthi kugcine amanzi ngama-97%, kakhulu kuthuthukisa ubungako bokusebenza

Lezi zixhumaniso ezigcineneyo zicindeza izimo ezihlukileyo ngema-22% ngonyaka kunazo ezijwayelekileyo.

Ukuncipha Kuhlaba Ngasekhaya: Isithuthi, Inhliziyo, Nezimo

Ukudala izigaba zokugcina ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokwenza kabeforei kusungula ukulahlekelwa kwegolide ebusweni ngoba inzuzo yokuqhubeka kwenziwa emathini endaweni engaphandle kwezindlu zokwakha. Malunga ne-90 iphesenti yoko kufuneka kwenziwe kwenziwa khona kuqala. Xa kufika ekusukezeni kwemoto yokuthatha izinto, sikhuluma ngokuphazamiseka kwegada ngesilinganiso kusukela phansi kumabhili kuya kumathathu amane amakhulu kunalo ndlela yokuqhubeka esendulo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhethiwe kancane kakhulu okuthuthwa kwi-tailpipes futhi akunyeke kube khethiwe kancane kakhulu. Abantu basekuhlengeni balezo mbono babalulekile bavumelana nabalingi abangaphezu kwebhloko, izikhangala ezithutha, izicubu ezingenakho, nezimotolo eziphinde ziphinde zifika ngesikhathi esigcwele. Isahluko sokwakha singaba siluhlaza kakhulu, sibekela phansi ama-85 amadebesitheli angafanele abasebenzi bathole ngempilo. Okunye okubi yilokho xa konke kwenziwa kusihlwaneni, izimpendulo ezinkulu azidingeki zisale ziqine njalo ngosuku onke ukuze zithumele izinto encane kwezulu ngenkohlaka ye-nitrogen oxides. Konke lokhu kunciphisa ukulahlekwa kwegolide ebusweni futhi kuyakususa izindlu zezilwane zasempeleni kanye nezimali eziphathekayo kungakanani. Futhi, ukuplanisha kahle kuyakusidla indlela yokuthi izenzo eziningi ezingasheshi noma ezingavumeli zenziwa njalo, lokhu kusidla inkinga eyodwa ngokuphazamiseka kwegada nezivivanyo ezintathu ezigcwele ezenziwa yizindlu zokwakha.

Ubunzima Bokuphila: Isigaba Sokugcina Esakazwa vs. Ukugcina Okuvulekile

Idatha Yokulinganisa: Umdwebo Wokuphefumula KwaseGolobha, Umsebenzi Wamanzi, kanye Nokulahleka Kwezindlela

Izelezelo ezibhekene ngokuphelele kwinkundla yokuphila zibonisa ukuthi izinkundla ezigciniwe zihlukana kakhulu nezivulekile lapho kufingqwa ekugcinweni kwezimali. Inkundla yesilondolozi iyahluka kabusha-65% ngoba izithuthi zikwazi ukuzalisa iziqhamo ngendlela efanelekile kakhulu futhi zisebenzise konke amanzi amancane kakhulu. Izithuthi ezinezinhlelo zokubuyisela izinto ziyahlukanisa umsebenzi wamanzi ngamashumi-ama-40%, lokhu kuyaphucula kakhulu emakhanda aphelile kumanzi. Izindlela zisebenziswa hle kakhulu, ngakho akusayi kuhlukane kangako izindlela zokuphila. Okuthintekayo kakhulu kukuthi kungakanani kangakanani okushintsha kwezindlela ezimiselwe kakhulu. Amajelo ethile ayashintsha ngamashumi-ayishumi (10%) wezindlela, kodwa izigaba esigabeni sizange siyishintshe ngaphansi kuka-1%. Futhi lezi ziqhamo ze-steele? Ekupheleni kokusetshenziswa kwazo, eziningi kakhulu (njengoba ngu-95%) zinokubuyiselwa futhi ukuze zenze izinto ezintsha.

Lapho Ukuphinda-phinda Akulula: Izinkinga Ezikhethekile Namastrathaji Okulungisa

Izimo ezihlukene zokuthunyelwa kumoduli olude kunesilinganiso futhi izinto ezingasuswa kakhulu zokudityaniswa zingahlukana ngokuphindaphindwa. Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu:

• Thatha okuqondile kuzindawo zokwakha emaduleni angaphansi kwe-200
• Chaza izinhlangano ze-monamaterial—njenge-structural steel—ngaphandle kwezinye ezimbili
• Sebenzisa izibonakaliso zokulungiswa okuthathe inqubo yokuthinta iziqinisekiso ngezinkinga ezilandelayo
• Khetha ukulahlekelwa kwegolide yemineral ngaphandle kwezinhlayiya ze-polystyrene ukuze uthintele ukubuyiselwa kwesiphelo sekalenda.

Lezi zindlela ezitholeneyo zihlinza iziphumo eziphathelene nokuphepha kakhulu ngokuphelele kumgwa wakudala.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Yini indlela yokwakha ikhazimula ekwakhiwe kabefore?

Ukukhiqiza ikhazimula ekwakhiwe kabefore kungumthetho lapho iziqhamo zikhiqizwa emfukazweni bese zidlalwa endaweni. Le ndlela isusa kakhulu ukulahlekwa kwebango futhi ilandela ukuphephile.

Kanjani ukukhiqizwa kabefore kususa ubuchwepheshe buhlungu kumhlaba?

Ukukhiqizwa kabefore kususa ubuchwepheshe buhlungu kumhlaba ngokuthi kususe ukulahlekwa kwebango, kubeke phansi amandla etholakele, susa izindlela zokusebenzisa ikhabhoni, kanye nosusa umshwalo nemitshitsho yomkhathi endaweni.

Yiziphi izigaba ezikhulu zokusebenzisa ukukhiqizwa ngaphandle kwendawo?

Ukukhiqizwa ngaphandle kwendawo kunezigaba ezifana nokulinganiswa okucacile kwebango, ukususa ukulahlekwa kwebhokisi, kanye nokubuyisela ngokushesha izinto ezibuyiselwe, ukufinyelela ku-98% yokusebenzisa izinto ngemvume yendlela eqashelwe kudijithali.

Kutheni okungafanelekileyo kweqiniso lekrafo?

Okunye okungafanelekileyo kweqiniso lekrafo kufaka phakathi ukulwa kwegesi yekhondla ngokuthwebula okude nokusetshenziswa komfanekiso ongaphindekeli. Izindlela ezithile njengezemba ezigcwele futhi nesetshenziswa kwemisebenzi engumfanekiso oyedwa kungasivikela le minyaka.