Kutheni Ukulungiswa Kwezixhobo Zokwenza Isteeli Eziphathelene Nezempilo?

Ukukhupha Nezindlela Zokuphepha Kwamathuba Asebhakaleni Okugcina Istele

Ukuziqonda Ukukhupha Emazingeni Esebhakaleni: Izizathu Nezithembiso Zomthombo

Amathuba akhefani ezenzulwini yezemfundo kuyakhula ngokukhawuleza uma kutholakala kwiingcinga ezihlangothi ezahlukeneyo njenge-acids, bases, ubunyezelo, iintlobo zempilo, izigaba zenyukela, kunye neempahla enqamlezayo. Lezi zinto zangaphandle ziya kuhlaka ngokanda iimpahla yamandla engaqinisiwa ngendlela efanelekileyo, oku kuyakhipha umgodi wokuphela. Sebenzisa ikhabhoni steeli njengombhalo kuyakhula phantsi ngaphezulu kwehhalf millimeter ukuya kumathuba amathathu ngonyaka ngemeko ephambili ngokomlando we-ISO 12944 wase-2019. Lo msebenzi omuhle uyahluka ngokungcolileyo indima yokususa umthwalo owodwa umgodi. Ngoko ke ukubona ngokukuqala iingcinga ezifana nokuhlakana komthi, ukuchithwa kwesikhumba, nokuchithwa okuthiwe nge-stress kubalulekile kangaka ekhuselekeni kwenqweliso. Ukulinda kude kungabangela ukuhlakana kaburhanji komgodi ngexesha elilipheleleyo ngexesha lokusebenza.

Iinkcukacha Ezisebenzayo: Epoxy, Polyurethane, kunye Neenguqulelo Ezininzi

Izimboni ze-Epoxy ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kumgangatho wokunakekela isivuno esingaphenduli ngezinkimbinkimbi futhi inemiphumela emihle kwezenzo yezixotywayo. Izimboni ze-polyurethane zinembile kakhulu ekulindeleni izilwane nezinkinga ezivuthiweyo kusetyenziswa kahle. Uma kusetshenziswa ngokuphindwe, lezi zimboni zibalasekelwa kakhulu. Isisitemu esihle sishiyalala ngaphambi kwesibonelo esine-zinc (ngu-75 kuze kube ngu-85 ipheresenti yezinc), emva koko izimbo le-Epoxy, bese kugcwalisa ngokusebenzisa i-polyurethane. Lokhu okuphindwe okunikeza ukukhuseleka kungabeka umhla phakathi kwe-15 kuze kube ngu-25 izinyanga ngokulinganiselana nesimo. Amava ezigaba njenge-ISO 12944:2019 ayilungiselela indlela efanele izimboni kufanele zibe nemdala ngokulinganisa nesimo. Kumaqondo amaningi amabi aphakathi kwegunya le-C5-M, izimboni kumele zibe nzima kangakanani ngaphezu kuka-800 microns kodwa kakhulu ngu-1,200 microns ukuze kugcinwe kahle kulezi zimo ezikhokhelwayo.

Isibonelo: Iziphumo Zokulawula Ukuvunywa Okungafanelekile Kumaqhondiso e-Petrochemical

Isikhungo sokwenza izinto zamakhemikhali sasenkingeni enkulu ngo-2022 lapho ukugqwala kwe-chloride okungalindelekile kudla amapayipi aso, kunciphisa ukushuba kodonga cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ezinyangeni ezingu-18 nje kuphela. Okulandelayo kwaba umsebenzi omkhulu wokulungisa esikhundleni samapayipi ajwayelekile ensimbi yekhabhoni angamamitha acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezintathu ngensimbi ekhethekile engu-316L, okubiza inkampani cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-9.5. Lonke lolu dweshu lusikhumbuza ngokucacile ukuthi kungani ukukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo ngendlela efanele kubaluleke kangaka ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona ama-chloride, kanye nalezo zivivinyo ezivamile ezenza kusetshenziswe izilinganiso zobukhulu be-ultrasonic ezingase zibone izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe izinhlekelele.

Izitayela Eziqalayo: Izinto Ezithuthukile Nezinto Ezintsha Zokumboza Ezingashisi

Ukuqamba izinto ezintsha kwakamuva kuguqula indlela yokuvikela ukugqwala:

• Izembozo ze-epoxy eziqiniswe nge-graphene (ukulayishwa okungu-0,52%) zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwesithiyo ngo-40%
• Izinhlelo ze-polyurethane ezizivuselelayo ezenziwa zisebenze ngokushintsha kwe-pH zilungisa umonakalo omncane ngokuzimela
• Izimboni zethirmali-zitheshiwe aluminijimi (TSA) zibonisa ukulahlekelwa kwegciwane 99.8% emshinini wasefuriyikhi asidi kuzivavanyo zokuthi kuthiwe

Lezi ziphakamiso zakhanya ubudala futhi zilapha izindleko zokuhlengahlenga kumzimba wokugcina okungcono.

Ukuhlengahlenga Okuphulayo: Ukuqashwa Kwangaphambilini Nenkonzo Ebuhleni Besebenza

Ukusebenzisa umthwalo kaNACE SP 21412-2016 unelapha izindleko zokuhlengahlenga ngama-35–50% ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezihlelekile zokuphula:

1. Ukuhlengahlenga kwesikhathi esinye ngonyaka kusobala ukulahlekelwa kwezimboni (ukulungiswa kuvulwa uma kungenzeka ≤5% yenguqu)
2. Ukuhlengahlenga kwesikhathi sesibili ngonyaka kwe-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
3. Ukubuyisela izimboni nganye impumalanga emazingeni aC4/C5
4. Ukuhlengahlenga kwebhubhu emakhanda amancane ukuze kugcinwe amazimu ≤40% RH

Lezi zinhlobo zemithwalo zakhanya ubude bezigaba futhi zilapha ukungahlelekwa kwezenzo.

Ubunzima Bekufanele Kwenziwe Izivavanyo Ngaphambilini Ukulungiselela Kwezimali Nezimali

Ukuhlinza izikhathalo ze steel kwisandla sekhemikhali ngezinsuku ezihlukene akuyona kuphela indlela engcono kodwa kuyindlela ebalulekile uma izinkampani zifuna ukulinda ngokuphelele futhi zilandele wonke amathulwana ase-OSHA ne-EPA. Kunesayensi eqashelwe ku-Journal of Loss Prevention ekugcineni kwalophondo lapho kubonakala - kabusha okungu-2/3 kwezimpondo ezenzekayo emathini akemikhali kwenzeke ngamaphutha angavunyelwanga phambi kokuba kusuke kube yisikhathi esiphelile. Lokhu kakhulu kubonisa ukuthi kungani ukhetho olungcono lwesilinganiso sobuchwepheshe kumele kube khona. Izithalathekisi ezilandelayo izilinganiso ezivamile zineziviko ezingekho zingaba ngu-50% ngaphansi kunazo ozinye. Futhi musa sibuyekele imali. Izinkampani zilahla izigidi ezimbili zezimali ezizodwa nganye ngonyaka kuzo zonke izimali ezinokutholiwa uma zihlinza ngendlela efanelekile njengoba kuchazwe e-Springer ngo-2024.

Ukutholwa KweHlondolozi Engalwahlolwanga: Ukucabanga Ngokuhluka Kwegcobo NeKhemikhali

Izinkcazelo ezihlanjwayo ziqhetsa ukulahlekelwa kwezinkinga ezingachazwanga phansi, kufana nokuchitha okuncane okufihlile phansi kwesiphephe noma ukuthutha okuqala phakathi kwebhima ezimbi. Kuzindlu zezokhu, ukuthi kobukisa kwegolide kwenza izinkinga ezikhulu ngonyaka. Sibonile izimo apho ubunzima bokwakha buhlukene kabusha ngama-30% emva kokuthi kuqukethwe yisikhathi esifanayo sezonke izinsuku ezingu-18. Ngakho ke abaningi abasebenzisa i-engineers manje abasebenzisa izindlela ezilungileyo ekutholeni lezi zinkinga ezingavakiswanga. Izinto fana nokuchaza ngokwesithombe sokulinganisa ubude bezintambo nezixhobo ezithile zokuchazwa kwe-eddy current zingakhangela izinkinga ezincane njengobafile yekhephelo elingu-0.5 mm. Lezi zixhobo zisebenza noma kube sekunemizizi ephelele kumigqa noma uma ubude bendawo buhamba phambili, lokhu kusho ukuthi amakhanda okulungiswa angalungisa izinkinga ngaphambi koko kuba yizinga elikhalini.

Izixhobo ze-Digital ne-IoT Sensors ukulandelela ububi bezokwakha ngexesha elilinganiselwe

Izixhobo ezihambelana nendalo yomlando zibala izinto njengezinga lefushane, uhlaka lwesithunzi, nokukhula kwe-corrosion konke ngexesha eliqinisekileyo. Zithumela lo mbali kwiindawo eziphumelelayo apho iingxaki ezintathu zingahlolwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Sebenzisa izixhobo ze-acoustic emission ezingumda njengombhalo - le miqondo ibona amafushane amancinci emva kokutshintshwa kwegazi ngokuphakama, okususela kuthi kunciphisa ukulungiswa ngendlela ngu-50% ngokwesicwangciso sika-inspenet ngo-2023. Iinkampani ezisebenzisa ubunye bokwenene bokulinganisa idatha zifumanisa iingxaki ngokukodwa kunge-22% ngaphezulu kunee-company ezisebenzisa indlela yokuqhuba konke ngendlela yokuphatha. Oku kuthetha ukuphendula ngokukhanyayo xa kuzo iingxaki kwaye ukulungiswa okunembile kwiingxaki ezinokwenzeka etitsheni.

Iindlela eziphilayo ekugcineni iscedule kanye nokubhala imbonakalo yesimilo sokulungiswa

Ukuphatha ngempumelelo kukulungiswa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukulingana ngomgudu wasekhankalini we-ultrasonic kumagqabi namagunya afuneka aqwalaselwa ngaphezulu
• Ukusebenzisa izincwadi zokuchazwa ezihlukile ngokulinganayo nezimiso ze-API 510 kanye ne-NACE SP0296
• Ugcino webhuku olitholakaleyo ngezinkathi, i-geotags, kanye nezilinganiso zempilo

Iziseko lokusebenzisa izinhlelo zodoki zihlukanisa izinkinga zokuhlangabezana kakhulu ukudinga kwabo abasebenzisa izinhlelo ezibhukedwa, okunikeza inhlaka kanye nokhula kokuvikela.

Ukuhlola kanye Nokubala Kwezenzo Yekhofu Kufakwa Kuzinga Lomphini

Iindlela Zokuhlola Ezidinga Ukugcina: Ukuhlola Kwe-Holiday Kanye Ne-Ultrasonic Kuma-Cofu

Ukuhlola kwe-holiday kuthola izipholile kanye nezidingo zekhofu zingasivinjelanga ngokusebenzisa izithuthi zezivuno eziphakeme, ngelishwa izikhali ze-ultrasonic zilima ubude bezifundo zekhofu ukuqinisekisa ukulingana nezimiso. Ukuhlola kwesiphindisindlela kusenhlalakahle isiqinisekiso sesimo sekhofu, futhi izinhlelo ze-epoxy zihlala zifika emandla ekuphelweni kwe-20–50 MPa—kubonisa ukuthobela xa kuthathwa kumthwalo wokuxhumana nomoya.

Ukuhlawulwa Kwemphini Ngaphansi Kwekhofu Kufakwa Kuzinga Lomphini

Ubuhlungu obukhulu kusiza ekuphileni kwamandla ngokugcina amandla emifuleni phakathi kwe substrate ne coating. Ukudlulisana kwe thermal imaging nge electrochemical impedance spectroscopy kumenza kube yimodi yokuthola okuqala ukucindezeka. Izikhungo ezilandelayo izimo ze ISO 12944-9 zithola isiphazamiso sezinga leziphazamiso ze coating eziphakeme kuzindawo zokwakha ezinemifuleni.

Ukusebenzisa Izinhukwetho Zokuhlola Ngokuvamile Ukuqinisekisa Ukulungiswa Okuphambili

Izihlengahlenga zokuhlola ngonyaka futhi ukhokhelo kuyadingeka ngemigomo ye OSHA futhi ye ASTM. Izitshalo ezinezinhukwetho ezihlola ngokuvamile zibona izishuthele ngaphansi kuka 40% ngaphansi kwezizivivane ezingavunyelwa ngokushesha ngokungahambi kwe corrosion, okuchaza ubuningi bekususa izinkatho ezihlakaniphileyo.

Ukudibanisa kwe IoT Ekubeni Kugcinwe Ububi Nokulinganisa Kwizimo Ze Coating

Izinhlelo zokudiliza eziqashelwe kwindawo zokudiliza izimo – ngaphandle kwebhodlela, ubunjwala, nokukhazimba kwebhodi – ukuvikela ukubalwa okuphinde kufakelwe kabusha kwebangeli yokuhlaba. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha ngokushesha kuthuthukisa izindlela zokulungiselela phambili, kusungula imali yokuhlola ngama-35% kanye nokugcina isikhathi sokusebenza kwebhodi ngama-12–18 ibhizinane.

Ukuphepha Kwezimo Nokulungiselela Kwemisebenzi: Ukuphatha Ubunjwala, Ukucophelela, Nezinyathelo Zekhemikhali

Ukuphatha Ubunjwala Nokuhlanjwa Kuzindlu Zempini Yezinkabi Ngasekhimikali

Ubunjwala obungaphezu kuka-60% buhlasela ukuhlaba kangaka ama-3.1 amaxesha ngaphambi kwezimo ezihlawulwe (NACE 2023). Ukwenza lokhu, abaphathi bezakhiwo bafaka iivapori eziphusa emibanjeni kanye ngaphakathi kwemigqa ethunyelwe. Iindawo zentliziyo ezidolophiwe ngesilinga esifanelekile kanye neendawo zokuhlenga zibuyisela indawo yamanzi, ekhokhelana ngama-78% yezinkinga ezithintayo izinto njengebunjwala ezindleni zokugcina izinto ezikhimikali.

Ukuvavanywa Kuye Nokuchithwa Kwebunjwala Ngokuba Yizindlela Ezibalulekileyo Zokulungiselela

Ukunxulumene kwezimali kususa ubuchwepheshe besiliva ngama-40–65% emkhawulweni, kubangela ukuthambula kokuqala kwebhodi yasendleleni. Izinhlelo ezihlelekile yokubamba ubuchwepheshe—ezihlanganisa izixhobo zokususa ubushani nezokuvavanywa ezenziwa ngobuchwepheshe—zikufakela okuqukethwe kakhulu kuma-92% ekugcineni izilingo eziphelele ze-RH ezingama-30–50%. Ukthenga kwebuchwepheshe ngonaphakade nokumema kwe-IoT kumenza abasebenzisi bakulungiselele izimo ngaphambi kokuba kube khona ngempindiselo noma ngonyaka.

Ukucimela Okuhlukahlukene Ukuze Kususe Imitholampilo Yekhemikhali Nokulungiswa Kwesayizi

Ukucimela ngobusha obuphezulu (1,500–3,000 PSI) ngaphandle kwesibhozo kususa ama-99.7% amatholakala asemthethweni kumehluko yezinto ezinzululwayo, njengoko kuchazwe ngu-ASTM G131. Izixhobo zokucimela (pH 6.5–7.5) zivikela ukuthembeka kwebhodi engenziwa ngamachloride futhi kuzohlukanisa ukudluliswa kwezicabha. Izinguvo zokuhlola ezintsha manje zifaka izinkcazo zezithombe zokutholakala ukuze kucimelwe kizindawo ezinamandla ephezu kwezinyikizelo.

Ukusebenzisa Izilondolozi Zokuhlaba: Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Nezidingo Zokuphepha

Izimboni ze-VCI ezifakelwe ngemisithuthi yekhono yesilika zibala lezi zimboni eziphila ngokuzenzakalela ezenzekayo ngaphezu kwe-15 microns, okwenzeka ukuba ziphile ngokuzenzakalela uma kunezikhungo ezincane phezu kwesihlangothini. Yenza kube lula ukulima xa usebenza nezibophezela ezisekelwe ku-amine. Amakhampu konke ayehluleka ngempikiswano kwi-OSHA 1910.1200 njengoko kuyadingeka kuzimboni ezivuthiwe. Ziyisusa izinhlelo ezingalawuliwa ngaphandle kwebala elingezansi kusuku olunye ngezimbili. Amaqondana wokulima aqhubeka nokuhlola ngaphakathi kwezintathu ngokusebenzisa i-equipment ye-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ukuze abe ngcono ukuthi lezi zimboni zokuphepha zisebenza kanjani kwezimboni ezivuthiwe njenge-hydrogen sulfide ne-chlorine gas.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izimo ezibalulekile kakhulu zokuhlwempisa kumitholampofu yezinhlelo zezinhlelo zokuphatha?

Izimo ezibalulekile kakhulu zokuhlwempisa ezitholakala kumitholampofu yezinhlelo zezinhlelo zokuphatha yisifo se-pitting corrosion, esibangelwa ngokuthinta kwezimboni nezimo zangaphandle, okungaba yindlela yokuthi kuthole amandla.

Kungani i-epoxy neziphindo ze-polyurethane zingakhusela ukuthi kuhlwe?

Iziphindo ze-epoxy zakha izimu ezinezinhlelo ezivikelela, ngelishwa iziphindo ze-polyurethane zivikela ukulahlekelwa kwe-UV nokuhlaba. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganisa, zakhula ubude bebuso bempilo yezithuthi zokwenza izulu ngokuhlwe.

Yiziphi iziphumo ze-IoT sensors ekubaleni kwesithuthi?

Izixhobo ze-IoT zabelana ngezikhathi eziphambene nezincongo zokuhlwe, zinika amandla ekuphatheni ngaphambi kokulahlwa nokuphendula kakhulu, okusiza ekukhokhleni ukulahlekelwa okuphambene.

Kungani ukubhejwa kuyisidingo ek industri yesayensi?

Ukubhejwa kuyisidingo ekuphathekweni, ekulondolozweni kwebala, nokunceda kumali. Kukhombisa izilahleko ezingachazwanga kuqala, kungakhe kuhlule ukulahlekelwa okuphambene kakhulu kanye nokunceda kumali ekuphatheni.