Kanjani Ungacindezeleziwe Ukulahlekelwa Kwezulu Kwezimali Ezakhiweyo?

Ukuziqonda Izinhloso Zama-OSHA Ne-IES Ngokulahleka Kwezimali Ezakhiweyo

Izinhloso Zama-OSHA Yokulahleka Kwizindlu Zesithuthi Nokucopheleka

Umbuso wezimali kanye nezokwelapha kumsebenzi wabekelwa izimfuno ezithile zokuhlala kwamazulu ngamathuba awo amashumi amahlanu na-29 (29 CFR 1910) ukulungiselela abasebenzi ekhaya emphakathini yemithuthi yokwakha. Kusayensi sokuhlala kwesikhathi esigcweleyo, umthombo wethulwana ubiza kusayensi esizungulweni sezingxenye ezingu-5. Izihambi kanye nezindlu zokuhamba zinconywa ngokunciphisa kakhulu ngokungenani kuzingxenye ezingu-2. Kodwa xa kuchatshwa nezindawo abantu bakhula kubo iziphakamiso noma baphatha izixhobo ezibomvu, le ngxenye iphakanyeka ku-10. Lokhu kukhanya okunzima kuyinto eyodwa ehlukene ekuboneni izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba kuthole isimo. Ukungafanelela le minyango akusho kuphela ukuthi uzothulwa ngamabhilishi ngu-OSSA kodwa futhi izindawo zokusebenza ezingenaso izinto zokulungiswa zingahlukaniswa ngokuphelile kusuku oluphelele lokuqhubeka kwesimo. Ngalesi sikhathi ke amathambo anikezela izinkomba ezihlukene zokuhlola izinhlelo zakho zokuhlala ngonyaka wonke ukuze uvikeleke kule minyango.

Izincomo zokukhanyisa ze-IES zezindawo eziqondene nomsebenzi kuma-workshops akhiwe kusengaphambili

I-Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) inikeza iziqondiso zokukhanyisa ezisebenzayo ezisekelwe emisebenzini ethile, ezidlula lokho okufunwa yi-OSHA njengezindinganiso ezincane. Ngokwesibonelo, izitolo zivame ukusebenza kahle ngama-footcandles angu-20 kuya kwangu-30, kodwa uma kuziwa ezintweni ezinjengokuhlola ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, abasebenzi badinga ukubonakala okungcono kakhulu, endaweni ethile phakathi kwama-footcandles angu-50 kuya kwangu-100. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi i-IES igcizelela kanjani ukunciphisa ukukhanya nokuqeda izinkinga zesithunzi ngokubeka izibani ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kubaluleke ngempela kulezo zindawo zokufaka izinto lapho imishayo nezinsika zivame ukuvimba ukukhanya ngokulinganayo endaweni, okwenza ezinye izindawo zikhanye kakhulu kuyilapho ezinye zihlale zimnyama.

Izidingo zamakhandlela ezinyawo zemisebenzi yezimboni ezahlukene nezindawo

Ukulungiselela Ukulandelana Kwezimali Nokusebenza Kwezimali

Izixhobo ze-LED ngezixhobo zokulungiselela zinika amakhaya okwenza izinto ngaphandle kwezidingo ze-OSHA ngelinye ilango lasebenzisa imithwalo yamandla kuze kube ngu-60%. Ukuhlala kwesibhamu esivuselelwe ngendlela esebenzayo kumazolwana okugcina kuhlala kufanelekile ngexesha lenzo bese kunciphisa xa akukho mntu, ukuthuthela bothando nokuphila. Lo ndlela eyenziwe ngokuphindwe izakala kusebenza kude ngaphandle kokuchasana neezimali ezilungileyo.

Ukudala Isakhiwo Esinemigomo Yokubhala Kwizikhala Zomphakathi Wokwenza Izinto Ngaphandle

Izenzo Zezibhamu Nezimnqophiso Yephotozemthetho Ukufumana Injongo Eyangcono

Izinqawuleli ezinhle zomlilo kumele kube ngaphambi kwokuba kwenzeke ukulondoloza okuphakeme kumjikelezo wamathuba apho kuboniswa khona indlela umlilo uphinde phezu kwezindawo. Oku kuboniswe yizigulophu kunciphisa lapho kumele kususwa izixhobo ukuze wonke umdaka uphinde umlilo phezu kwalowo, ngaphandle kokuthi kungaphansi kwebhenshi, ngasekunene komsimbi, noma emakhaya apho akwenzeka ukufinyelela. Uma sikhetha isakhiwo ngokulinganisa ubude balesithuthi sokusebenza, siyafika kuviyo amatheshwado e-OSHA neviyo vamathuba avela ku-IES. Amabhizesi aneedimana phakathi kuka-20 ne-50 foot candles ukuze ayisebenze ngendlela efanelekile, ngakho ke kubalulekile kakhulu ukulungiselela lokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuthula nokuzinza kowasesithuthini.

Uktheleleka Kube Yisilingo Nokukhokeza Kwemitholampilo Ekugcineni Umthwalo Womlilo

Amaphutha enekhanda eliphakeme okuphakama kusuka ku-12 ukuya ku-30 feet kudinga izibhamu ze-LED ezikhulu ezengelela emva kwezingu-120 uma sifuna ukuzivikela lezinkomba ezimbi zonke indawo. Inkinga yaleyo yisakhono njengamabhodhi nokulunga kwamadoti angaphandle ayahlaba kuhlaba kumlando, ngokuvamile kusabalaza umlando owasebenza kabusha ngesikhathi esinye. Uma sibheka eminye imizekelo yehlukanweni, ingxenye ekwenzelwe ngothando ngonyaka odlulile yokubheka ngqo amaphutha enkuni yesilika futhi wafumana into ethintekayo. Xa bangelisa izixhobo zomlando phakathi kwezingu-15 nezingu-30 endleleni engaphandle kokuqhubeka ngqo phezu, kwalungile kakhulu ekunqumeni lezimpawu zokuhlaba kodwa kancane kufinyelela emalinganeni abalulekile komlando kumazwi konke. Kulinganiselwe kakade uma sicabanga ngendlela omlando usayela ngalo loluhlobo lwendawo.

Ukugcina Kwesixhobo Ngendlela Efanayo Ukuzivikela Izingubo Nezinkomba

Ukuze uthole umlando ohlinywayo:

• Gcina izibhamu ze-LED phezulu ukuze ziphakeme kusuka ku-8 ukuya ku-12 ft kumjikelozo wegrid
• Faka izixhumanisi zomoya ku ngonyama (≥75 lumens/isgati ft)
• Sebenzisa izixhumanisi ezivulindile ekugcineni kwezindlu nezigaba

Leli ndlela yokuqeda ukwahlukana kakhulu kungeziwa 3:1, lokhu kunciphisa ukuhleca kwegazi ngemisebenzi encono njengekushintshela noma ukuhlanganisa.

Izingxenye Ezihlukene Zokuneka Okuhlanjwayo Kwizikhala Ezihlukene Ezinokuthutha

Izibhamu ze-LED ezingcindeziwe kanye nezixhumanisi zokuphumula zivumela ukuhlaziywa ngokushesha ngexesha lokuthutha. Ukunqamleza kwemagnethi kuvumela utshintsho olungadingi izixhobo, okuchanekileyo nokuthiwa kuka-OSHA malunga nesixhumanisi esinokulungiswa emazingeni amandla angcono.

Ukukhetha Izixhumanisi Ezinezulu Eziyinxaleneyo Ze-LED KwiZikhala Ezineziphazanyo Eziningi

Ukukhetha Izixhumanisi Ze-LED Ezineziphazanyo Ezilinganiselweyo NjengeNjalo Ngokwefuneko Yekhaya Lokusebenza

Izindlu zokusebenza ezakhiwe ngaphandle kumele kube nezibhamu eziyalingana nalezo zizimelela ngazo futhi njengoko zakhelwe. Kuzindawo ezinkulu lapho igumbi libhafana kangakanani kusuka ku-15 feet, izibhamu ze-high bay LED zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Zihlukanisa izibhamu phakathi kwenzadwa futhi zicindezele izindawo ezimnyama esithanda konke. Xa kuyisimo sezindlela eziningi phakathi kwezihlangothi, izibhamu ze-linear LED ziphathelene ngoba zibambe ngqo phansi lapho kudingeka kakhulu. Izindlu zokulungisa nezindawo zokuhlola kuthuthukiswa ngokulungiswa kwebhamu engaguqukiyo ekhomba umsebenzisi lokho kufanele akulungise noma ahlole. Ukuhlela okuhle okuthuthukisiwe yisibonelo sokuhlola izibhamu sengathi kusho ukuthi kunezibhamu ezifewa kuphela. Isigaba esithile sokudizaina singabusa inombolo yesilinganiso ngalishumi amabilini kuya kumashumi amathathu, ngempela ethintele indlela yokubambezela efunekayo ngendlela yokuphepha nokusebenza.

Imiph advantages ye-LED Lighting: Ukunakekelwa Okudala Ngemoto Nezimali

I-LED zinikeza ukunciphisa kwezimali ezingu-50–80% kunzulu zomlando (DOE 2023) bese zilapha ngemizuzu engu-50,000–100,000, zunciphisa izidingo zokuhlela kuze kube ngu-75%. Isakhiwo sabo esiqineziwe sithanda kakhulu izihluku nezinkinga zempilo eziphathelene nempilo epholile kakhulu kuzindawo ezinhle. Uhlaziyo lwe-2023 oluthile lwesayensi lwabonisa izikhathi zokubuyisela phansi ngaphezu kwamashumi amabili ngoba kususelwa kwezimali nezindleko zomsebenzi.

Ukulinganisa ukuhlala kwe-LED, Fluorescent, kanye ne-Metal Halide kumasebe angachazwanga

I-LED zisebenza ngokuthembekile kumzimba ongcane okubalulekile kwezinhlelo ezigcwele, zibambe 95% yokuphuma kwelumen ngo-20°C ngaphansi kwalampu eziluhlaza, ozidlula ukhalfa kokugcwalisa. Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zemithi yametali, i-LED zinika ubuncane obugcwele ngoshesha emva kweziviko zokunika amandla, ekusiza ekukhokheni izimo ezimbi ngokuthintela izikhathi zokulindela ukulungiswa kwesihlalo.

Ukulungiselela Ubuncane Bohlangothi Nge-Color Temperature ne-CRI

Ukukhetha isilinganiso esingcolile sokucindezela (Kelvin) ukuxhasa ukuzijabulisa nokuzimisa

Isilinganiso sokucindezela sibangela ukuzijabulisa nokuzimisa kwabasebenzi. Ubuncane obuncane (4000–5000K) bubambelela usuku olunjalo bakhuthaza ukuzimisa emazweni akhiwe njengalezo eziphatha izinhlelo nezinkundla zokhlola. Izinqumo ezinezulu (2700–3000K) zifanele kakhulu kuzindlu zokuhlala, zixhasa ukuphatheka kodwa akwenzeki ukuthambeka kwesibonakaliso.

Ubunzima bezilinganiso zokubonakala kwezimbili (CRI) kumsebenzi wokuhlola ngcono

Izixhobo ezinobukhakhakha obungaphezu kuka-80 noma 90 zivumela ukwahlukaniswa kwembala ngokuchanekileyo, okubalulekile kakhulu ekulawuleni ubunzima. Isifundo sengqikithi yezibhamu ngo-2024 sabonisa ukuthi i-LEDs ezingaphakade kakhulu zahlula iziphoso zokuhlola ngama-18% xa kuhlolwa imfazwe yomthwalo noma amalebheli esetyenziso, futhi kungenza ukuba izinhlobo zeprodukti zibe yisidingo futhi zilondolozo.

Izilinganiso zemiphiwo nezibhamu ngokwesimo nosayizi

Izidingo ze-lumen zihambisana nemizamo ye-OSHA yezibhamu ezingu-foot-candle:

Izilungu eziningi kuzindawo eziphathwayo zisiza ekukhuliseni isimo sezulu nesimamelela ukulandela izidingo zokubona.

Ukusidima, Ukuphuthelwa KokuSebenza, Nokuphepha Kwabasebenzi Ngokusetshenziswa Kwesibhamu Esinamandla

Kanjani Isibhamu Esifanelekile Sokusidima, Ukuphuthelwa KokuSebenza, Nokuthandakalisa Kwabasebenzi Ezindaweni Zokwakha Ezenziwayo

Isibhamu esihleli sibanzi ngempazamo yezimali ngo-42% (Umphakathi Wokuphepha Kwenhlanhla 2023). Izinhlelo zeLED ezingenanto ne-CRI 80+ zisiza ekubonweni kahle, futhi isibhamu esilandelwayo se-4000K sibanzi ngokuzimisa kanye nokuthula kwesihlono ngo-23% kunazo ezintandazayo ezantandaza (Ijornali Yezempilo Zenhlanhla Yomsebenzi 2023).

Isibonelo: Ukuncipha Kweziganeko Emva Kokushintsha Kwesibhamu KuMnyango Wokwakha Owaziwayo

Umlondolozi wamaphethini wesimoto eMidwest wayathola ukuphazanyiswa kwezinkinga ezifakiwe ku-OSHA ngemithwalo engu-31% emva kwebuyekezo le-LED enqwelinyene ngezixhobo zokuthembeka. Le ndawo yaba nefayili ngokusebenza kwemithwalo engu-120 lm/W kanye nokumisa okuzenzekalelayo emakhaya angasebenzanga, ekunciphisa imali engu-$18,000 ngonyaka kumali wokunika amandla, ngelishwa izilinganiso eziphumelelayo ze-IES ezingu-50–100 fc emagodini okudibanisa ngokucophele.

Izimbono Zokuphepha Kwesibindi Ngokungabhalalanga, Ukugcina Kwezindlela Zokubona Kwabasebenzi Basebenza Ngemini

Izingxenye ze-LED ezihambisanayo ne-circadian ezenza ngendlela yokubona kwamanje ethu zikhusela ububi besebenza ngemini ngemithwalo engu-19% (Sleep Health Foundation 2023). Izindlela zokubona ezingezingxenye ezincane kune-3% zikhubaza izikhala kanye zinceda ukulandela ngokuphambene kumaqondo ngomnyaka wasebenza.

Ukuthunyelana Kwezimali Ezinezimo: Izithombe Zokuhamba, Ukuthanda Kwesibhedlela, Nezinhlelo Ezenziwe Ngempilo IoT

Izinhlelo zomkhakha zemigqa ezihlangothini zinika izindlela zokulungiselela izibonelo ezifakazelayo kusuka kumsebenzi nesibhedlela. Iziphrojekthi ze-machine learning ziyishintsha indlela esebenzayo ngokulinganisa nokuthanda kwesibhedlela, zihlanza ukuxoshana kuka-OSHA futhi zifinyelele amathuba angakwa-74% endlela yokukhanya ikhaya kuzo zonke izinhlelo eziphathelene.

Ukuvikela Emva Ngokusebenza Kwezimali Ezinezimo Ezihlakaniphileyo Nezidinga Okuncane Lokulungiswa

Izinhlelo ezingenakho kahle kuka-DALI-2 zithunyelana ngempela nezinhlelo zokuphatha imbili, zinika inkinga yokuphatha izibonelo ngokwesilinganiso xa kusabela kakhulu. Ukulungiswa okuphiwo ngisho ngaphambi kokuthi kufa kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuqasha kwezimali kuyakhula isikhathi sekuhlala kakhulu ngaphezu kuka-150,000 ihora futhi ibe yisikhathi esizenzakalo sonke emkhakheni.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kutheni izidingo zezibheqe zokulinganisa izindlu zokusebenza?

Ucingo lwephepha lwe-OSHA oluncane kakhulu ezindaweni zokusebenza yisikhathi esinezimali, ngelixa i-IES isikhuthaza phakathi kwamazimba angamashumi amathupha ne-amashumi amathathu.

Ngani na ungakwazi ukulandela izimo ze-OSHA zokuhlala?

Ukubeka ububi ngezinga lezilimi nokuhlola izinhlelo zokuhlala kungasiza ekulandelweni kwezimo ze-OSHA, ngaphandle kokuqeqesha kwezilimi ukuze kuthintwe imifula nemiphumela engaluhlali.

Kungani izinhlelo ze-LED zisikhuthazwa ezindaweni zokudlala ezenziwayo?

Izinhlelo ze-LED zisikhuthazwa ngoba zinika imithembiso enkulu yokunyusa imithambi futhi zibe nzuzo. Futhi zinika umlilo ohlelekile ungakhathalanga, okususa ukugcogca komhlophe nokugcogca komzimba.

Ziziphi izinkinobeko zezilimi ezihle ezinezindlela ezindwendwe emkhawulweni yasebhakabhakeni?

Izilimi ezihle ezinezindlela ezindwendwe zasiza ekuvuseleleni, ekukhuliseni iqiniso lesiseko, nokuphila kwebantu abasebenza ngokuhlanjulula ubumnandi bomlilo nokulandela ukuba kukhona abantu noma umlilo wasegolide, okusiva ekunyuseni imithambi futhi kususa izindleko zokulungiswa.