Kungakhuluphelwa Ngokukhathala Izigaba Ezakhiweyo?

Ukuqonda Izindlela Zokhuthazwa Zezigumbi Ezilawulwa Ngokuphelele Zokugcina

Kutheni Ukukhuthazwa Nokuguquguquka Kuzo Izigumbi Ezilawulwa Ngokuphelele?

Ukuthola kwezimali ezakhiwe ngaphambi kwemfundo kuyidlala kwiindlela ezintathu eziphambili: izixhumanisi ezizenzakalelayo phakathi kwezinto, iingxaki zokuhlalutya, nokunjalo kuzamekelwa kakhulu ezilayini ezahlukeneyo. Iinkampani eziphucukileyo aziphawula ngokuba i-prefab zisebenzisa iifreme zezityeletsho ezihleliweyo esinokongezela iinxalenye ezintsha ngendlela ethandabuzekileyo. Ngokwesicwangciso sasekuhlangothini engu-2023, oko kungama-78 angama-100 ezi zimali ezakhiwe ngaphambi kwemfundo zinokwanda ubude ngaphandle kokudinga ukusibeka okunye ngempumelelo yezixhumanisi ezakhiweyo ezinguqukileyo esithi kule ndawo.

Ukuthini Ukulungiswa Kwegunya Kukhangelela Ukutholakala Kwemithombo Yezakhiwo Ezahlwayo

Indlela eyisisekelo yokwakha kuyenza kube lula kakhulu kumaphakheji ukuthutha ngokuphindaphinda ngokusebenzisa izinxenye ezikhulunywa embotshini njengezandla, izindawo zokugcina, nezixhumanisi ezonakeleyo eziphathelene ngezigaba esivikela. Amaphakheji angakwethula izidlalo ngokufakela izindawo ezintsha zokugcina noma amagosa aphezulu ngaphandle kokuthi kwenze intambo ekuseniwe. Uma sibuka kakhulu kuzindlela ezithile zokuthutha kwamabhange, lezi zinhlangano ezihlengahlenga zenzela ukuthi isikhathi sokuthutha sihlengahlenga ngama-40 phesenti kunalokho okubangelwa yizinhlelo ezilungileyo zokwakha. Abaninzi abasebenzisa izindlela zokugcina bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa le ndlela ngoba ibenza kube lula futhi ibe yinto ethandwayo ngemva kwebanga elibalulekile.

Izinkinga Ezibalulekile Ezenza Ukuthutha Kwamabhange Angenhlelo Yenkathi Kube Lula

Izinkinga ezintathu eziphambili ezibandakanya ukuthutha kungcono:

• Ubukhona bomfanekiso wokuqala : 85% yezindlu zokugcina ezinokuthutha ngokulula zazifaka ukuthutha kusizathulo nasekuhlengaleni (Incamango Yabasebenzi Bomfanekiso 2023)
• Ukuphatha kwezindawo : Ukwamukela kwezikhuthazo nekhiphaya lezinhloso
• Ukusobala kwegunya : Izinhlelo ezimiswe ngaphambi kwezimali zihlupha izilinganiso eziphakathi kwe-30-50% zezivumelwano

Ukulinganisa Okulinganayo: Ibhungu Ehlukile vs. Ukhiqizo OluseZindabeni Ukunyuswa KweSimo

Amagasiya afakwa ngaphambi kwebhulawa ayehluka kakhulu kubalasele ebukhona bokunyuswa:

Ngokuzwa kwelekholekhesi yekhasimende ye-2023, izigaba ezakhiwe khona kudinga ihora zomsebenzi phezulu kwesithupha-63% ngelishwa lizama ukufanelela imikhuba ekhokhelwayo yokuphepha.

Ukukhetha Komboniso Nokulungiselela Okunconywayo Kwizigaba Ezakhiwe Khona

Ukuthunyelana Komboniso Wokukhetha Kusihlalo Sokukhula

Ukuthola kwezimali zokuthutha izigaba ezakhiwe ngaphambi kwemfundo kuyinto eyisisekelo emfanekisweni wokukhokha okwenzelwe kumkhondo. Ngokwesicwangciso esithile saseNstituti yeGumbi Lomthunzi ngo-2023, kusengathi kunezimali ezintathu kumaNgunu abakhetha izindawo zokuxhumana eziphathelene nokuthutha nezinhlelo zokubeka izahluko ezinokulungiswa njalo. Lokhu kuvikela ukuthutha ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa umgudu wonke. Ngenhla yezihlahla, zazinzima izihlahla ezenziwe ngaphambi kwemfundo ezingena kuzo izinkampani ukuze zenze izigaba ezilishonile noma zibekize izindawo zokugcina phezu kwezinye ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kodwa izigaba ezivela ekuthuthakeni kuzothatha isivakalisi esahlukene. Ngokubuka kwezimpendulo zePelli Associates ngo-2022, kunezimali ezintshi kumaShiyagalombili okumele kuthuthwe ngendlela enkulu ngoba izikhalo zakho zamva azivumeli ukuthutha.

Indima ye-BIM ne-CAD ekuvikelayo ukulungiswa kwezimpendulo zezigaba ezakhiwe ngaphambi kwemfundo

U-BIM (Building Information Modeling) noo-CAD systems kwenza kube lula ukulungiselela ngokuphelele kodwa kuqinisekisa ubuchule bokwakha. Ingxenye yombuso engu- BIM ikhombisa konke amakhompani e-logistics ayithola izivumelwano ezingu-40% ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa i-digital twins enokuthutha. Le minyakelo:

• Ihlungiswa ngokuzenzekalelayo izibalo zolopho xa kudityaniswa izigaba
• Ichaza indawo efanele kabanjwe kuyo izihlangu zobumbano nasezilwini
• Isusa amaphutho okudizayina ngama-27% kungethulwini lesendulo (Institutu Yokwakha Efanayo 2023)

Ukuqeqeshwa Kukulinganiso Nokuthandekayo Kukwakhiwo Okwakhiwe Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi

Ubunzima bokudizayina kwakhiwo kubalungisa ubuchule bekugcwalisa nokusebenza okufakiwe. Amakhominikasi akufa lokhu ngokusebenzisa:

Izigaba ezisebenzisa lolu hlelo lwalibona ukulethwa okukhulu ngakuya 30% kunazo zonke izigaba ezakhelwayo futhi zilondolozo 92% yokuvumelana kweklieyenti ngokhulupheka (ingxenye ye-2024 yezigaba ezihlanganisiwe).

Isibonelo: Ukunwekisa Okuchasayo Kwegumbi Lokugcina Ngokusebenzisa Ukukhetha Okuhlanganisiwe

Umphakathi wamabhizinisi wahlukanisa amandla akhe ekugcineni izinto ezibhubheneyo ngokusebenzisa iziqhamo ezikhululwe eziqinile. Ezinye izinkomba ezibalulekile zazingu:

1. Iphesi 1 (2021): 20,000 sq ft yomjikili oqinile ngezinkomo ezivuthiwe
2. Iphesi 2 (2023): Ukuthuthukwa kusemashini okungeza i-15,000 sq ft ngaphandle kokuchazela imisebenzi
3. Iphesi 3 (2024): Ukufaka kwesikhangeli esiphakeme sokusebenzisa izikhungo ezifakiweyo phezulu kwemigqa

Iprojekthi yagqiba nge-18% phansi kwebhajethi ngokusebenzisa izihlangothi zeziphakeme ezitholakalayo ezithiweyo emakhathini akwakhe, ukuzivikela kuzindleko ezinkulu. Ukuhlanjelana nokusebenza kwenyuka yabanjwe kabusha ku-22% ngokuhlanjelana nokusebenza okuhlanganisiwe okuqhubeka ngenkathi kuyodwa.

Ukuthuthukwa Ngokudala Kwezinhlotshane: Ukuxhasa Ukuthuthukwa Kwemiphumela

Kani Ukudala Kwezinhlotshane Kuxhasa Ukuthuthukwa Kwemiphumela

Igumbangubo ezakhiwe ngemitholampilo kuyindlela eyimbi yekhanda kakhulu okungokwesibonelo. Ngokwesivikeli esithile ngozinsuku zeliphelile, izinkampani ezingcinezela imigudu yawo ngeminyaka engaphezu kwaleyo ezaqhubeka ngazo zihlenga kancane ama-18 kuya kuma-30 phesenti kulezimali zokuqala kunalokho kuba yizinto eziphelele. Lokhu kusebenza ngoba igumbangubo elikhoyo kulingana nomthwalo wamanje wengcinezelo, ngakho ke kungabi namandla aphelele angaphendulwa. Fakazela umsebenzi wasekhondla. Abaninzi abagijima basondla le mitholampilo lapho izinye indawo zihlotshaniswa ngezinhloza, lokhu kwenza kube lula ukunquma izindawo ezintsha zokugijima njengoba ububi bezindleko bukhipha. Lokhu kubonisa indlela abasemgangeni bakhuluma ngayo lezinyathelo zemitholampilo ukuze zilandelane nezidingo zabo zingashintshanga.

Izinketho Zokhuthaza Ngapha: Izimbhayili Nezinye Izingxenye Zomphakathi

Xa isikhala sesihlangothi sibi, izigaba ezakhiwe ngaphambi kusebenzisa umdwebo wesivertikal. Izinhlelo zemezzanine zingakwesiza isikhala esisebenzayo sendawo nge-40-60% ngaphandle kwezinguquko zangaphandle, ukuma izinhlelo ezibalaseleyo zibuyekeza ubunzima. Ezinye izidingo eziphathelene ngalokho kungaba:

• Izicathulo ezihlelekileyo ezinokumxhasa usuku olukhulu kune-300 lbs/sq ft
• Ukutholakala kanye nethikili nezinhlelo zokugcina okuzimele
  Izimiselo ezisha kuzinkinga zezincuke ezihlakaziywa zavula amandla ekusunguleni kakhulu kwamaduli avertikal, kuyekiseni ixesha lokudala nge-25% kunokudalwa okuvamile.

Isibonelo seBomvu: Ukunyusa Isigaba seGcwalini Ngokusebenzisa Izinhlelo Zemdwebo

Indawo yendalo yaseMidwest yafinyelela ukunyusa isigaba ngemipha 125% emva kwezintathu ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zemdwebo. Indlela yabo eyayiphindaphindiwe ifakela:

1. Inkonya yokuqala engu-50,000 sq ft enenhlaka ezigcinwe ngokulungelelaniswa nokuthutha
2. Okudala okwingu-20,000 sq ft okuphinde kufakwe ngonyaka kwegcwalini elibhubheneyo
3. Inhlelo egcwele emibili yemezzanine yokuphatha iziga ngendlela ezingamele

Le ndlela yamncinise isohlwayo sezakalo nge-67%, njengoba kubhalwe kwi-rhafu ya 2024 ye-Trends in Food Manufacturing, ibonisa ukuthi ukukhetha okumelene kakhulu kuyisabela izigaba ezizenzakalelayo njengezixhobo ezingavuseleki.

Izidingo Zokwakhiwa Nezempilo Kwi-Gaba Ezenziwa Ngaphambi Kwazo

Ukufaka Phakathi KweGhuba Ngemva Kokunyuswa

Isahluko sika-2023 seSteel Structures Council sabonisa ukuthi i-62% yezinyuswa zezigaba ezizenzakalelayo zidinga ukubala futhi iguba lemfundulo. Izinhlelo zezingubo ze-stell ezintsha zinikeza usayizi olulungileyo — isinyuswa esihlukene sendawo engu-10,000 sq ft sibonakala ngokuphelele kancane nje nge-4.8 tons/m² uma kusetshenzelwa izinto ezinekheli. Izinkinga ezibalulekile kufana:

• Amaginani wendawo yasekuqaleni (kungenzeka kungcono ukuba aseminimini 20%)
• Ukuvula phagaini kwamandla wezulu nezindiza ngokwamathuba amasha emathuba
• Ukutholakala kwe-crane ngemiphumela enzima

Iziphatha Zempilo Nezivikelo Ezilungileyo Kuzindlela Ezishintshiweyo

Izindleko zokuhlanjelwa kwezempini kusungulwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 14001 zihluka nge-33% uma iziviko ze-OSHA zidinga ukuchazwa okwesithathu kuzo zonke izimboni zesikwalaba ngexesha lokutshintsha, ngodidi lwedatha ye-2023 ebonisa ixesha elisukulayo elingaphezulu ngama-89% emshenesheni yezinto ezakhiweyo ngokomthetho wamandla kunazo ezenziwayo ngendlela eyayisebenziswe.

Ukuxhasa Iziphongo Ezithile Esekuhlaleni Ekugcineni Isikwalaba Esahlukene

Ubalo lwemfundo wokuthengiselana lwe-2024 lubonisa ukuthi iingxaki zokunyusa kakhulu zakhupha ixesha elide ngama-18% xa ukulinganisa kwesite kungekazange kuhlazulwe ngaphambili. Izindlela eziphumelelayo kufuneka zenze:

• Ukuqala imithetho yokulingana kwegunya (idinga ukunciphisa okanye okunye kuma-15%)
• Ukufaka izihlathi zonyango ngamnye ngamashumi amathathuthoba (30m) ngexesha lokugcina kuqala
• Ukusebenzisa u-BIM ukubhala konke okungqamene ukuze kuthululwe ama-92% akho kumgangatho ngaphambi kokuba ukugcina kuqale

Ukuchaza kahle umgca wemithwalo kumenza ukuba akwazi ukulungiselela ama-74% akho kumgangatho wokunyusa kakhulu kumzekelo ongenamphakathi, njengoko bethetha abagqinsi bezakhiwo ezahlukene.

Iingxaki Ezibalulekileyo Zonyango Neenguquko Ezinokungenwa Kwi-Garage Ezenziweyo Ngokumanga

Ukubala Izinkinga Zokudizwa Ezivikela Ukuthutha Kusizakalo

Izinkampani zeprefab zihlakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu, akukho mumbuzo ngalokho. Kodwa xa kufika ekugcineni, konke kuyaphandle koko kubekelwe phakathi kwemibiko yokuqala. Khona ke ezinye izinkampani zinezindawo eziphakeme ezimiselwe kuze kube nzima ukulahlekelwa. Oku kungcono uma kudizwa ngasendleleni emide yesikhangiso, ngantso kutholakele kuhlaziywe lwalangugi wezinkampani ngoLwesithupha. Abasebenzi basezinkampini bahlala bathola izinkinga eziningi xa baya kufaka izixhumanisi zamanje zokulahla noma kubringa izixhobo zokuzenzela ngoba izihlwebo nezixhumanisi zokulahla nokulahla zisetshenziswa ngaphambilini.

Izinkinga Ezihlukene Ekudizeni Izingxenye Ezivele Ezenziwe Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi

Uhlaziywe lwemfundo yezimali ngo2024 lubonisa ukuthi 30% lwabasebenzisi babonakala ngokuthi bezinezinkinga ngazo:

• Ukungabi namandla phakathi kweyokuqala nezindlu ezidliwe
• Ukuhlanjelwa kwezivumo xa kubuyiselwa izinhlelo zokuphepha ngofire futhi kuzinzile ezihlukene
• Izindleko zokushintsha kwe-inventory ngduring ukulungiswa

Lezi ziphikiswano zingakwamukela izindleko eziphathekayo ezingu-40-50% ze-modular expansion kunokulungiswa okutsha.

Ukudlulisana Phakathi: Izibonelo Ezikhulu Ze-Flexibility Ngaphambi Kwemiphumela Efanayo

Xa izimali zibalisa ngokuthi izimo zabo zingalingani, zazenza ukungahloniphi ezinye izimfuno eziphathelene nempilo esemlonyeni futhi ngezici zomthelela angakwenzekela. Kuzinzulu zezandla zezinhloso kujwayeleka ukuphakama kabusha kanye kanti 15 kuya kuye 20 phesenti ngalezi zibuko zokunamathela. Kodwa uma umuntu ufuna ukwanda amandla kakhulu kune 30 phesenti kusukela kumanyathelo wokuqala? Lokhu kungenzeka kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuyela emgambeni wokudala ukuze kwenzeke umsebenzi omkhulu. Xa sibuka izinombolo zengxenye yekhophi ye-Modular Construction ephindwe kuleli viki, kuze kube ngu-2/3 yezisebenzi zonke zokwandiswa ezingaphandle kwamanyathelo wokuqala ezedlula kudinga ukuvunyelwa okwengeziwe. Futhi lokhu kufakwa kwengeziwe kungenza ukuthi izinsuku zokugcina ziphindwe kanye kanti kuye kuma-4 kuya kuma-7 ngaphezulu kwezilwane ezithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini eyenzela ukuthi izigaba ezakhiwe ngaphambi kizobaluleka ukwandalwa?

Izindlu zokugcina ezibekwe ngaphambi kwalokho zibaluleke kakhulu ekunwetsheni ngoba zinezigaba ezihlukene, izixhobo eziqinile phakathi kwezinto, nezidingo eziphathelene nokulahla ubunzima. Le mizwa ivutha indlela yokunwetsha izinye izigaba kwindlu yezimpahla.

Ukuzigaba ngendlela eyisiseko kungafani njani ngekuhlanganiswa kwesimo?

Ukuzigaba ngendlela eyisiseko kuvumela izindlu zokugcina ukuba ziwuthwe ngezinto ezikhulunywa ngaphambi kwalo njengezigaba zomnyango nomthambo, okususa ixesha lokunwetsha nokosha ngama-40% kunjalo ngokulinganisa nozindlela zokubalisa eziphucukelayo.

Kutheni okuhambisanayo okunciphisa phakathi kwezimali zezindlu ezibekwe ngaphambi kwalokho nezimali zezimali eziphucukelayo ngexesha lokunwetsha?

Ngokwesilinganiso, izinwetshiso ezibekwe ngaphambi kwalokho zilima $62 ngasekwini esinye esiqinileyo kodwa izinwetshiso eziphucukelayo zilima $89 ngasekwini esinye esiqinileyo. Izinketho ezibekwe ngaphambi kwalokho zinikeza futhi ixesha elincane leprojekthi kanye nesimilo esingaphansi kakhulu.

Izixhobo zezobuchwepheshe njenge-BIM ne-CAD zikusiza kanjani ekwenzeni izigaba zezindlu zokugcina ngendlela ethile?

Izinhlelo zika BIM ne-CAD zasesiza ekwenzeni iziklwe zihlengalenga ezingcwele ubuchopho, zihlanza ngokuzenzakalelayo izibalo zobukhonto, zithola izixhumanisi ezilungile kakhulu zezisiseko, futhi zilapha amaphutha ekukhethweni ngama-27% kunzima yokusebenzisa izindlela eziphambili.

Kutheni izizinkinga ezihlukene xa kusondeza imfutha yezimboni ezikhulunywa?

Izizinkinga ziqukatha ukungqamana kwesithunzi phakathi kwezimodi zangaphambi nezomlando, ukuhlala kwezivumo, nokuthinta izindleko zokushintsha kwezinto ezikhokhelwayo ngexesha lokwakha, okungaba khona kungathinta izindleko ezihlalakahle.