Iziphakamiso Zokulungisa Izilawuli Zamasimbi Angaphakathi Kwizikhala Ezinzima?

Ukugcina Izone Nokulungisa Ukulahlekelwa Kwezilawuli Kwezimali Zokwenza Indlu Yokwenza Imithombo

Ukudweba Izone Yokusebenza KwiZilawuli, Ukusebenza, Nezilawuli Zokukhanya

Ukulunga kwezuluqeqeshi kusisa ngokwahlukanisa izigaba ezinikezwe kwizikhala ezenziwe ngaphambili ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwesithunzi esifanele. Kuzo zonke izingxenye, kudinga ukulungiswa okugcwele okuphakathi kwe-500 kuya ku-1000 lux ukuze abasebenzi bakhone ukubona lokho abayenzayo ngobude bomphumela. Ezindaweni zokugcina izinto, kudinga kuphela ukulungiswa okunjalo phakathi kwe-200 kuya ku-300 lux ukuze abantu angahlaziyeki emanzini. Kwi-corridors ezimfushane zeziminyaka, sifaka izibhamu ezisephethwe ukuze ziphele izilwanyana kanye nokuvelisa isithunzi ngendlela efanayo, okungeka yindlela engeyi-4 ku-1 ngokuvuthi kuye kuye nokuhorizontal. Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni ezindaweni ezinezinkinga ngaphandle kokubangelisa abantu. Imbizo ibonisa ukuthi lo msebe wokulungiswa kususa ukucindezelwa kwegazi ngenjani-32%. Ngaphezu koko, i-fixtures ze-LED ezintsha zivumela amagosa ukulungisa amandla wesithunzi ezindaweni ezithile njengoko kudingeka. Uma izikhala zihlanganisa inani elifanele lesithunzi naleso senziwa khona, njenge-ukusetha izikhala zokulunga kokukhokhelwa ku-750 lux, zisusa imali yezinsuku zomshini futhi zilindele izinholela zokhuseleko njengazo.

Ukufakelana Kwesithunzi Ngezinqamuzi Nezinholela Zokusebenza

Ukuthi izinkulungwane zilandelwe njengazo zimiselwe kufanele zilandele indlela amakhambi avusekelwa ngayo ekusakathini ukuze kuthintwe izindawo ezimnyama eziphazanyayo emaphandleni aphathelene. Xa kusakazwa izikhululi eziningi, ukubeka ubude obuguqula 1.5 bezibuko bezabo bethemba kuzokwenzela ukuthi iziqondo zomlume zibambene futhi zilahle izindawo ezimnyama ngokugcwele emagunyeni akagesi. Kukwamathuba okwakhiwa ngokushanda kwesha U, izandla zesithuthi sezilense zithumela ngu-70% wezibuko kuze kube yizinto eziphathelene ngaphandle kokuphila okulinganiselwe phakathi kwezinye zonke izindawo ngekinombalo engu-0.7. Izisenzisi zohambo sasabona isimo samandla ngaleso sikhathi. Zange zikwazi ukuthola xa abantu basebenza emaqoshini amanelise futhi zivule izikhululi zabo kuphela, lokhu kunciphisa amaphuzu ngo-45% kunokuhlala kuvule izikhululi zonke ngokuphelele. Ukulungiselela kwalokho kwenza uhlelo olukhulu kowasebenzisa amakhambi ngaphandle kukaMondli. Ize izifundo ezavela kwi-Journal of Industrial Safety zibekisise lokho, zibonisa ukuthiletha kwezingu-19% kwizindleko ezivela esiboneni esingaphathelani ngokusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo.

Ukuphila Kwezibonakude, Ukulungiswa, Nokwamukela Kukulawuli Kwesibophozi Sokugcina

Ukuqeqeshwa kakhulu kubona kuthinta izinkinga zomlonyo, uqinisekisa ukuthi izibophozi zihlehliswe ngokulinganayo, kanti futhi ulandele izinhongo eziphathelene nge-OSHA ne-IES esaziwa yithina wonke. Xa izibophozi ezazingqondweni ziphakeme kakhulu, abasebenzi bathintana bavalela amaso baze babuke izindawo abadinga ukubona ngaphansi kwazo. Ngakho ke izikhala eziningi zifaka izinto ezifana nezivumelwano noma izilori kuze ziqashelwe, noma ziyakha isisombululo sangaphandle kokubopheza. I-IES ilindelela ukuthi ubude bezibophozi buhlale phakathi kwe-0.6 kuye ku-0.7 emazindini ongafaniyo ukuze akukho muntu aphoqele emnyameni edlulwa kumashini. Abagcina kudinga okungenani i-500 lux ngokwemigomo ye-OSHA, kodwa abalawuli besixhobo sobuchwepheshe abasebenzayo kuzindlela ezincane bazidinga kakhulu kune-750 lux ngempikiswano yokulungiswa. Ungalilahlaleli amayeza ayisodwa - ukusebenzisa izimvumo ezingaphakeme kususa ukubuyiselwa, kanye nokumisa izindawo zokubopheza ngokwenzakalo zezinkokheli ezifanamazwi zizenzakalo eziphathelene nokwenza umsebenzi.

Ukukhulula Kwesibindi, Izilinganiso Zokulingana, nezimali ze-OSHA/IES Lux Yezinkundla Ezihlathile

Ukuphepha kweshishini kusukele ekubambeni izindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokulingana kwamandla:

• Ukukhulula kwesibindi ngemigwa engama-25–30° emacaleni ephezulu, ukukhokha okungazange kube khona ngexesha lokusebenza komshicama
• Ukulungiswa kokulingana okuphumelela ku-0.6 phezu kwezindawo, okuhlolwa ngokuchanekileyo nge-analysi yokulingana kwamandla
• Ukufanelekileyo okuguqukayo nezimali ezihlanjwayo ze-OSHA lux: 300 lux yezindawo zokugcina, 500+ yezindawo zokudibanisa, kunye ne-1,000 lux yezixhobo zokuhlola

Le miyalo yakhulula amathuba okuhlangothi ngo-19% kumsebenzi wokuphandla amathuba (Umculo Wokuphepha Kwenhloso, 2023) ngelixa ihlinze indawo eqhotyoshwayo ingenako ukufinyelela kwiqiniso lokuphepha.

Ukuyila Kwamandla Okugcinwe Ngokugqityiweyo Kwiindawo Zeshishini Ezidolophiweyo

Ukuhleleka Kwezikhali, Ukuphakama Kokucofa, Nokunciphisa Kwezimbono Ezimbi Kugijima Lwezinto Ezinzululwane

Kubalulekile kakhulu ukulungiselela izimo zokubona lapho kusakazwa izinkulungwane zomthombo wamandla kuzindlu zokwenza okunconywayo apho zonke izigijimi zenzela imiba engahle yokubona. Lokho kuphakama kakhulu kuthinta ukuthi kude kangakanani kumelwe kube phakathi kwalezi zinkulungwane zomthombo wamandla. Amakhaya aphezulu kancane kunesibini kanye nesishiyagalombili kufanele kube phakathi kwezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-20 phakathi kwesinye isikhali. Kodwa uma indlu iphakeme kunele, kudingeka sikhuthaze ngaphezu kwalokho ukuze akube nenhlangothi epholile emva kwezigijimi. Izikhali zomgwa zihlala zisebenza kahle kuzindawo ezinde eziphakeme ephathelene nezakhiwo zezigijimi, izimo zokubona ezinde zizokwakhelela kahle nezigijimi eziphakeme kuzindawo, lokhu kunciphisa izimbono eziphazanyayo ezingavimela ukubona kuzindlela zokwenza apho abasebenzi badinga ukubona ngokucacile.

• Faka izikhali ngokungaphandle kwezindlela zokusebenza
• Maphendula ukuphakama kuma-1:1.5 ukuqinisekisa ukulahlwa okufanayo
• Sebenzisa izinkumbulo zomlando zingaphezu kuka-120° ukuhlehlisa umlando emuva kwamathambo akamnandi

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-photometric kubonisa ukuthi ukuseta kakhulu kususa amadwalungu ezingxenye zokusebenza ngama-40% kunalokho okusetyenziswa kwi-grid, kakhulu kuhlela ukubona kwezinyathelo ezidinga ukucopheleka njenge-welding noma ukusebenzisa izixhobo. Le ndlela ikhuthaza ukulandela izinkinga ze-IES eziqashelwayo ezingu-50–100 footcandle eziphathelene nokulingana kwezimali zokusebenza.

Ukukhokha Okwanele Nokuhlanganiswa Kwesimo Sokugcina Kwezimali Ezakhiweyo Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi

Ukukhetha Kwesilawuli Se-LED, Izivumelwano Ze-IoT, Nezinqumo Zokuthatha Umlando

Ukulahlekelwa kwezimali kusungulwa ngokushintjiswa kumakheshi akhethiwe LED athinta umsebenzi wamandla ka-75% kokulinganayo kwemibulishi enguquli. Ngaphezu koko, ayasebenza phakade futhi ayaphazamise amandla angcono. Uma sifaka izilawuli ezivumelanayo ze-IoT, izinto ziyobaluleka kange. Lezi zinhlobo zenzakalo zihlanjulula ukulahlala ngokwesikhathi singenakho kodwa, ngokulandela izinkokhelo eziphathelene ngenkathi ayikho muntu, futhi zingasayiphi amandla emva kwezikhathi. Ababhali bempahla bangalindela konke kusuka kudashibhodi esiphathelene nazo futhi bashingele izilawuli zonke lapho kudingeka. Kanti simemeza kanjalo nge-teknoloji yokudla kusasa. Isebenza ngokuhlola lapho kukhona khona ukulahlala okufanelekile kusuka kumigodo futhi kuhlale kumakheshi amandla ngendlela efanele. Ukudibanisa konke lezi zinto kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwegodi phakathi kwe-20% kuya ku-40% kumalini amandla. Okulula kakhulu? Ukulahlwa kuhlala kufanelele kuye yonke into ekudingeka ukwenziwa, ngakho akukho muntu angacabanga ngokubanjwa noma ukuzimisela ukuhlala kuye.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Ubiziphi ubungakanani bokuluma okufanele kuzindawo zokudala? Kuzindawo zokudala, kufanele kube khona ubungakanani bokuluma phakathi kwe-500 kuye ku-1000 lux ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi banezibonakaliso ezaneleyo kumisebenzi emininzi.
• Kungani okuluma kungakhusela imali yezimali kugqala? Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-LED, izixhobo zokuhlela nokuthatha izibonakaliso zomhlaba, kungakhusela phakathi kwe-20% kuye ku-40% yimali yezimali.
• Ziziphi izinhlobo zokuluma eziphathelene nesicinwa segqala? Izinhlobo zokuluma zegqala ziqukethe ukukhuphela kwezibonakaliso, ukulungiswa kwebuningi okuphumelela kumlinganiso wengaphezu kuka-0.6, nokulandela izikhathi ze-OSHA zokuluma kuzindawo ezahlukene.
• Kungani ukukhuphela kwezibonakaliso kubalulekile kuzindawo zegqala? Ukukhuphela kwezibonakaliso kusiza ekugcineni ubungakanani bokubona nokulungiswa ngokukhuphela ukuthintana ngemisebenzi yezixhobo, kujula ukucindezeka kwezono ngabasebenzi.