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Amathuba Ososongo LweSteel: Kusukela Ekuvulekeni Iyasendleleni Isosongo Esinde Kakhulu
Izindiza ZeSuspension: Zenzela Amasoso Afushane Kakhulu (>500 m) Ngemigobo Nezintonga ZeSteel
Izingxenye ezimangalisayo zamabhuloho amiswe ngezinsimbi ezifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-500 zenziwa zenzeke ngenxa yamandla entambo ensimbi. Cabanga ngalokhu: La mabhuloho anezintambo ezenziwe ngezinkulungwane zezintambo zensimbi eziqinile eziphakamisa izinsimbi ezinkulu njengoba ziwela emihumeni ejulile noma emanzini amakhulu. Lezi zinqaba zensimbi zisebenza njengezinsika ezinkulu ezidlulisela wonke lawo mandla ezindaweni eziqinile zokubopha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imishayo yalezi zibuko yakhiwe ngento ebizwa ngokuthi insimbi ye-orthotropic, elula ngempela uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinto. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho sikhuluma ngamabhuloho afana ne-Akashi Kaikyō Bridge yaseJapane, elenga cishe amakhilomitha amabili ubude. Enye into esebenzela insimbi iwukuthi ingakwazi ukugoba ngokwanele ngaphandle kokuphuka lapho kuvunguza umoya noma kuzamazama umhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezintsha zensimbi zimelana nokugqwala kangcono kakhulu kunezinguqulo ezindala, ngakho eziningi zalezi zakhiwo zihlala iminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu ngisho nalapho ziseseduze namanzi anosawoti lapho ukugqwala bekuyoba inkinga enkulu khona.
Izinkampani Zesiya Zesilinda: Izisindo Ezihlakaniphileyo Zezinto Eziphakeme Kusuka Ku-150–500 m
Izinkampani zokugcina kwekhabhili zifuna kakhulu kumahlaka okuphakathi kuka-150 ukuya ku-500 imitha ngoba zixhumanisa iikhabhili ze steyile ngqo kwiitowe ezilandelayo kwisidlo sebhridji. Okuqukethwe kule ndawo yale ndlela kukuba azifuni izixhobo eziphambili zokugcina ezifumaneka kwezinye izinkampani. Ngaphezu koko, zinokuxhasa lezi sityalo esihle esihlukileyo sezisteyile esinokunciphisa ukungena kwesivubuko. Iindleko zokufaka isiseko ziphazamiswa phantsi kuka-25% ukuze kube ngu-40% xa z сравнива kuzinto ezintsha ze konkreti. Umzekelo? I-steyile inemini enkulu yokususa ubunzima engaqhubekanga, efundisa abasebenzi ukudlala neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucoca iikhabhili njengehlaphi lengubo, ifanja noma kunye neephatrani ezilayishwa. Le ngxenelo ethile ibeka abakhi ukuthola umlando omuhle phakathi kokuthi bhridji kufuneka ibe yintoni eyodwa kwaye ikhethe isiqalo esihle. Isteyle yaphucelwe ngaphandle kwaloo nto ibonakalisa ukukhula kakhulu ngoba amanye amaxesha ayenzelwa ngaphandle komsasane. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emakhaya apholileyo apho ukulahlekwa kwemoto kuyinxalenye enkulu, okanye apho ekugcineni kwindalo epholileyo emfuleni nemifula yomlambo. Kwanjalo ngokuqukethwe kumsebenzi, iisteyle ezintsha ezibhekene nesimo sezulu zaveliswa ngokutsha ezidinga ukulungiswa ngokwazo, zicophelela kulo mlando wokurepaira okuthathu kakhulu okwenzekayo kwiisteyle eziphambili.
Kungani Isiteleli Yisimo Sezimali Esifisayo Ekubeni Kwizindawo Ezide Zomgwa
Isilinganiso Sisobala-kuMandla Sokuphakama Kususebenza Izihlenga ZeSiteleli Eziphakeme Nezibophezela
Isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sebala-kumandla se-siteleli sikhomba ngokuthi siyisimo esifanelekileyo ekubeni kwizindawo ezide, esenzela ukuthi kwenzeke izihlenga eziphakeme futhi zibe yisimo esiphakeme esinokwesusa izindleko ezinkulu emaphakathini. Izindawo ezidolobheneyo ngezithulwana ze-siteleli ezinzile ziyafika ku-40% kwezindleko ezingaphezu kweton elinye kunazo ezifanayo ezidolobheneyo ngeconcrete. Lokhu kuyamkelisa abasebenzi ukuthi:
- Bakhulise izindawo zangaphandle kwezihlenga
- Bahlule isamba esigcwele ngo-25–30%
- Banciphise isimo sezindlu futhi zingcono kumhlaba
Ukudolobha Ngokwemodi Nokunyakaza Ngasendaweni Kubuka Ukugcina Nenkinga Yezindlu
Izinxobo zeziyalelo ezenzelwe kumithuthi kuzofaka kakhulu kusuku oludinga ukwakha into futhi kunciphisa ukungcono endaweni yekhusasi. Xa abasebenzi bezothuthi bawenza lezi zixobo ngaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza, bafuna izinto eziphathelene nezinkinga ezenziwe ngokucacile, ngakho xa abasebenzi bazilayisha endaweni, konke kuxhunyushwa kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kunalokho kuba bezenze ubuchwepheshe endaweni. Siyashiyela usuku oludinga ukulungiselela ngaphansi kwekhe kunzima zama ngendlela ephambili. Ukufinyelela kwamathuli ngexesha lowadinga futhi lezixobo zikuxhumane ngemizuzwana yemilimeter ayenza ukuba ukwakha kube lula. Le ndlela ifihlisa izivumelwano zomndeni nezigaba zomjondolo emuva kwendawo yokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, isebenza kahle nangaphandle kwizindawo apho iziqinisekiso zenvironimenti zingasiza ukusebenza ngendlela ethile.
| Inkqubo yokubhuilda | Izibhridzi ezine steel | Izimbambiso Zeconcrete |
|---|---|---|
| Usuku Olusekelwe Lwesilinganiso | 3–6 izinyanga | 8–14 izinyanga |
| Umqondo Wasekhaya | Kunciphiswe nge-60% | Amagunya aphelele ahlangene |
| Ubukhulu Bekisikelelo | Okuncane | Ngaphandlekazi |
| Ukuguqulwa Kusizukulwane | Kufakelwa kakhulu | Izindleko eziphambene |
Idatha ekhutshelwe kwiimfundo zokusebenza kweendawo zokunxusana (2022–2024)
Ukuxhasana kwezivinini, ukufakelwa, nokunciphisa izidingo zekisikelelo kwenza isteel ibe yindima eyodwa yokugquba indawo enobukhulu—ngelishwa likuphila, xa libekwa ngecorrosion protection ne-dynamic-load resilience, kuyathembisa inkonzo engenazo zinkinga kwaye ingaphezu kwezintlanu izinkathi.
Iindlela Ezahluko Zokulungiselela Ezenza Iindlela Zokugquba Zegolide Zibe Nangaphezulu
Ukulungiswa Kwesilinganiso: Ukubeka Kabefore, Iintsonga ZeComposite Deck, Neengcango Ezibekelwe
Ukugcinwa kwe-stiffness kunye nokusebenza kwingqokelela emva kwezilinganiso ezide, abalungisi bethula izindlela zokulungiswa kwesilinganiso. Iindlela eziphambene kuzo zilandelayo:
- Ukubeka kabefore : Ukuqeqeshwa okuphakade ngokujikeleza ngenkathi kuyenzelwa ukulungiselela ukudonsa okuthintekayo
- Izinhlelo zomphango wemibiza : Ukubopha izindlebe zeconcrete kumagirdere wezinto ngokudala isikhangiso—sibonisa ukuthuthana ngama-30–50% kunazo ezidingekayo
- Amakhodi wokukhuthaza : Faka i-tendons yezinhlangu ezi-post-tensioned noma i-carbon fiber—reinforced polymer (CFRP) iyaphakeme emathini apho ukuthinta kukhona
Ngokuhlanganyela, lezo zindlela zizivikela ukuguquka kwesikhala nemithwalo, zivumela ukuthi kutholakale izinhlelo eziningi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa komsindo noma ubumnandi bomsebenzi.
Umsindo wokuxhumana: Isixhobo sokulima, Izigirdeli eziphucukileyo, nokulungiselela Kwehlelo Lomphango
Ukungahlali komlilo kusilungile kakhulu njengoba kugcine amandla emazinyo emazinyo. Izinkampani ezintsha zamandla azinzulu zizilungise ngokudala izisombululo ezinxulumene:
- Isixhobo sesilungile sokulima esisayiphasa okuthinteka kuvortex futhi kuvikela ukuxoshelwa okuchanekile
- Amagirda enkulu ecala , engena amadivhasi okugaya kuze kube ngu-40%
- Izakhiwo zedeki ezingaphansi kwe-grid noma ezingavuleni , ezivumela ukuthi izulu ziphume endaweni yokuthi kwenzeke ukuphakama
- Izihlalo ezihlelekileyo ngokuchazwa kwezinyukembezu (CFD) , ezenziwa ngokulinganisa ukuqhubeka kwesizuku phambi kwamatola namacable
Lezi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kakhulu nokulunga—noma kube kukuzulazula okuphindaphindiwe okuphanda kangaka 120 km/h—andikwazi ukuvikela uhlelo lwesithembu esibhekene nesikhathi sokuqala.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Kutheni okungcono kokubamba kwesitsha ekusakazeleni kwamathuba?
Isitsha sinika ubunzima obuphezulu-kumandla, okuvumela ukusakazela okunjalo nokuhle. Kunika umdla wekhetho, kunciphisa isikhathi sokudala, futhi kunikeza izindleko ezincane zekhophini.
Isitsha sisetshenziswa kanjani ekupheliseni izimpilo ezenziwa yisimo sezulu ekusakazeleni kwamathuba?
Amandla aphakeme ensimbi avumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezincane, okunciphisa umthelela emvelweni. Ukwakhiwa kwe-modular kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwendawo, futhi ukuqina kwensimbi kunciphisa izidingo zokugcinwa.
Ingabe amabhuloho ensimbi anamuhla ayashesha ukugqwala?
Amabhuloho esimbi anamuhla asebenzisa ama-alloys ensimbi athuthukile amelana nokugqwala ngokuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa izinyathelo zokuvikela ezifanele.
Amabhuloho ensimbi abhekana kanjani nokungazinzi okubangelwa umoya?
Amabhuloho ensimbi anezici ze-aerodynamic ezifana nokuqiniswa komoya nemishayo ehlelekile ukuze kuzinze amandla omoya, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngisho nasezimweni ezinomoya omkhulu.
