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Ukufundwa Kwemigomo Ye-Aircraft Design Group (ADG) Yokulinga KweHangar
Indlela Izimo ze-ADG I–VI Zafaka Ubude Obunzima
Incamaniso ye-Aircraft Design Group (ADG)—eqashelwe ngu-FAA bese ishiwo ku-Advisory Circular 150/5300-13A—libala amahlaya ngamakhulu asithupha (I–VI) ngokwesikhathalo kanye nendimana yesitalatha. Lezi zibalo ziqhathanisa iziphazamiso ezifanele zokulwahlula kwehangar:
- ADG I–II : ≥49' isikhathalo, ≥20' indimana yesitalatha (isibonelo, Cessna 172, Piper Archer)
- ADG III–IV : 79'–118' isikhathalo, 30'–45' indimana yesitalatha (isibonelo, Cessna Citation XLS, Hawker 800)
- ADG V–VI : isilinganiso esingaphezu kuka-214' sevinga, ngaphezu kuka-60' ukuphakama kwetekwane (isibonelo, Boeing BBJ, Gulfstream G650, KC-135)
Lokhu kuchazwe ngokusobala kugcina izikhamo zenqamuzana, izimali ezikhathalelayo phakathi, nezinxenye zomphakathi zihlanganise ngempawu nozidingo lwesithuthi sezivumelwano. Isibonelo, i-ADG IV inzulu kudinga izikhamo ezingaphezu kuka-50-feet—kungaphezu kuka-150% ukuphakama okungaphezu kuka-20-foot okufanele ku-ADG II.
Kungani i-ADG iyadinga indawo engezantsi epheleleyo, ukuphakama kwesikhamo, nokulahlekelwa
Isisteme sokuhlukaniswa kwe-ADG akuyona kuphela iminikelo ephelele; kanti kusisiseko sezigaba ze-FAA xa kudizaynwa nekuqinisekiswa kwamaphangela. Uma umuntu ozama ukukhulula kulezi ziga, uzothola izinkinga ezikhulu emuva kweshesha noma ngemuva kokuvikelwa noma kamva uma abalawuli bafika ngemuva kokugcwaliswa. Amahashi wezindlu akuyona yonke into ethile. Isibonelo, amaphangela we-ADG III afuna ubude obungaphezu kwemithuba engu-28 kuphela ukuze izihlangu zokuhamba zingene ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokugcwalwa kwabo. Ngokwesinye isikhathi, lezi zilwane ezinkulu ezinezansi ezide njenge-Boeing 777 zidinga ubude obungcono obungu-65-foot kuze kube yizindlu zasekhaya ezingu-ADG VI. Ngenhloso yokubeka izigaba, kujwayele ukuba kube nzima kusukela kumgwa wamathuba angu-60 kuze kube phansi kumathuba angu-250 kulezi zilwane ezinde. Lokhu kukhula kubalulekile ngoba kuvumela ukusebenza okuphelele kwezitshalo, kuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi bafune indawo efanelekile yokusebenza, kanye nokuthi bonke bakhululekwe ngempumelelo emshakumbeni. Ukukhetha okubi kwebumba kuthinta konke—iziphumekiso zikhangela izinhlangothi, abagcobo bezifinyezela ukufinyelela kizinto, kanye nabasebenzi abazicinga izimpilo zabo. Isahluko esisha esishicilelwe e-Aviation Facilities Journal sabonisa ukuthi umbalo omkhulu (ngu-34%) wemisebenzi yokuguqula eyodwa wayenziwa ngokuthi kuchazwe isahluko se-ADG ngendlela eyingcono ekupheleni kwesinqumo.
Ukufakelana Kwezinhango Zokugcina Ngezibonelo Ze-Aircraft
Ukugcina okuhambisana kwe-aircraft kudinga ukufakelana kwezinhango nezibonelo ze-FAA ADG. Isimo sonke sikhuluma ngokulinganisa indawo, umsebenzi wokusebenza, nokukhuthaza kwezinfra yonke ngaphandle kwemithombo ye-aviation.
Izinhango Zesi-T wezinye I-Singles (ADG I–II)
Amakhanda a-T-hangar ayamisa imisenzo ephephile yokugcina izivumelwano kwezivumelwano ze-ADG I ne-II, okuthiwa kuzo zonke izinhloso eziphansi ezinengilizi enye noma amanzolo amakhulu. Isakhiwo sitholakala ngendlela eyenzelwe i-T, lapho ngasinye isikhanda sekhanda siqeda ngasekunene kwegunya elikhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa indawo ekudlulweni kodwa kusinika amapilothi ukufinyelela kakhulu kuzo zipilothi ngaphandle kokudinga ukudlula kakhulu kakhanda ezinye. Lezi zindlu zihlanya kahle kuzo zipilothi eziphansi kwizibindi ezingaphezu kuka-49 feet nezigaba ezingaphezu kuka-20 feet. Zonke zinezimbotshana eziphakathi kuka-22 kuya kusa-24 feet kanye nezinkomba eziphakathi kuya kusa-20 feet, zinika indawo engaphethelenelele ukuhlola phambi kokuphuma kanye nokulungisa okuncane uma kudingeka. Ngoba azidingi izindawo ezikhethekile kakhulu futhi nezandla ezisodwa kunezikhanda ezijwayelekile, ukudala izikhanda eziyisitingi kuncane kakhulu kanye nomthelela. Ngakho ke amathambo ethu wokufundisa ukuphuma, abasebenzisi basekhaya, nabasebenzisi bejoni ebalulekile bezivumelwano zezimali ziyathanda le ndlela yokugcina kwezinhloso eziningi zokufundisa.
Amakhanda asebhokisi kumetshako yezimali edolobheni (ADG III–IV)
Kumaqondo othuthiwekileyo kanye nokuba kuyinkinga ye-ADG III kuya ku-IV njenge-Cessna Citations, Embraer Phenoms, kanye nezinhlelo eziningi ze-Hawker, izigaba zokugcina izimoto ezenziwe ngendawo enkulu engavamile yamacala, ngokuvamile phakathi kwemithwa engu-100 ukuze i-150, ngoba lezi zikholekile zidinga indawo enkulu engavamile. Ifomu yesikhasi sinezikhungo ezaneleyo ezingasebenzi ngapha kwezinye izihlangothi ezinikeza indawo efanekisayo kumagugu okuphakama kude kube ngu-120 feet futhi amagugu akhethepha angaphefumula ku-45 feet. Amnyango aphefumula kude kube ngu-30 kuya ku-40 feet, kanti amabha ayeka phambili kusuka ku-120 kuze kube ngu-180 feet. Ngaphakathi kukhona ukulahla kwezimali, izinkomba zokuhlisa, ubomi obuhle bokulahla, kanti nezindawo ezithunyelwe ekusebenziseni izixhobo zokulahla okufanelekile. Okukhombisa kakhulu kukuthi indawo ngaphakathi ingahlukaniswa ngamazwe amadliwane ukuze abasebenzi bamkhombe bathathe imisebenzi yokulungisa, ukulungisa ukuphethela kanye nokubeka izigaba ngalinye ngeke bafune ukushintshe izikholekile. Ngaleso sivimbo, izinkampani eziningi ezifundeneyo emehlweni yezinqumo, izigaba sekorporati kanye nezinsizwa zokuphatha izinkampani ziyathandaza ukuthi zigcine izimoto zabo ngamazigaba eboxa lapho kudingeka ukugcina okuphathelene nokutholakala kwazo.
Amakhanda Ama-Commercial Okulungiswa Kwezikhundla Eziningi Nezinhlangano Eziphathelene Ngezondlo (ADG V–VI)
Isigaba se-ADG V-VI sihlanganisa izivumelwano ezahlukene kusukela kuze kube nguzaqhamo njenge-Boeing BBJs ne-Gulfstream G650s ukuze kube ngamaphuzu amadoda afana no-KC-135 tanker noma izivumelwano ezikhulu ezijwayelekileyo ezenzekelayo C-17. Zonke lezi zivumelwano zidinga ubumnandi obalulekile bokuxhumana okuphindwe kabangani kakhulu kunakho kuzindlu zezinyawo. Chazeke: amadolobha ehangar kumele abe nendebe yizinguqu ezingu-200, amagosa kumele aphinde kabili kunezinguqu ezi-60, futhi ubude bendawo buhamba phansi kwezinguqu ezi-300 ukuba kube yisimo esifanelekileyo kule zihlalo ezikhulu. Lendawo iyintando kaNkulunkulu akuyona njengalabo. Abasebenzi basebenzisa izinkomba zokulungelela ukuthinta kwezinguqu eziphakeme kakhulu kunezinguqu ezi-300,000 lapho kungena isandla sokulinda. Amagugu acocwa ngemiphefumulo eyinzulu futhi anamathekhulu atholakala endaweni ayamanje abalulekile njengezilimi zomshini, izinhlelo zokunqoba izici, nezilimi zedatha. Kanti kanjalo, le ndawo enkulu yokuvula. Ama-hangar angama-bi-fold amazenzekayo kodwa le ndawo ebalulekile inezinhlelo ezikhulu kakhulu. Izinhlelo zokugaya noma zokuhlwaya zokunqoba kuma-hydraulic kuvumela amadolobha ukuvula emgabeni wamazinga angu-150 noma kangakanani. Ngaphakathi, abasebenzi bekhiphini bonke abadingayo: izikhala ezithile, izindawo zokuchazwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa, nezinhlelo zokucima isimilo ezidingekileyo yi-FAA. Lonke lo mbumbano ubalulekile ngoba lapho kusekelwa kuzivumelwano okwenzeka ukuthi ziqinishe umphumo wokulima, izimo zokuphepha akukho khono lokulahleka.
Amathuba Amakholo Akuhlanganiswa Ngayo Yonke iHangar Ngokwesayizi SeAircraft
Amathuba wehangar kumele achaze isilinganiso saphumelele nangomlando waseFAA ADG—akungekho kuphela izilinganiso zeaircraft zasendaweni. Izici ezibalulekile kufana:
- Ububanzi : Okungenani 15–20 feet ubude ngaphezulu kwekhefu ukuze kube yisimo esihlakaniphile endaweni engezansi, ukuphula kwekhefu, nokuhamba kwabantu
- Umdume : Okungenani ifooti ehlulekile ngaphezulu kwephondo eliyindlu ukuze kube khona izixhobo zokusebenza phantsi, izibhamu zokumisa umlilo phezu, neziseko zokulungisa
- Umgabheni : Ubude be-aircraft phezu kwefooti ezingama-25+ ukuze kube yisimo esihlakaniphile ekutholeni/ukuthola kwangaphandle, ukufinyelela kwabantu baseground, nokuskelwa kwezimali
Ngomdla:
| Uhlobo LweAircraft | Amathuba Akuhlanganiswa (B–D–H) |
|---|---|
| Icommercial engenabanga | 120–150 ft – 100–150 ft – 28–40 ft |
| Amadoni amadumisa | 60–80 ft – 60–80 ft – 18–25 ft |
Xa kusobala ukukhuthaza kweqondo, isiphokoza sikhona emasabathakathaka okulanda kwegear, ikakhulukazi ebalulekile kuma-ADG V kuya ku-VI amakhapshoni. Umphumela waphakathi kufanele kube neminikelo engakanani kangaka, ngokuvamile iphakama kunezinkulungwane zingu-250. Kumaqedelwano, sizidinga ubude obungaphezu kuka-10% kunendawo enkulu. Lokhu kusiza ukwenza ungavaleki umdumo xa uvula nokuvimba, futhi unikeze indawo eyaneleyo yonke into eqoboqobo efunekayo. Ngaphakathi kwesikhumba, imigomo yokhuseleko iyisisekelo. I-FAA ithinta ukuthi kugcine izihlalo ezingu-10 ngasekhohleni kwezinhloso ezigcineni, lokhu kuyisusa indlela yokuphuma kukaMvelinqangi futhi kushintsha iwingtips ukungabangane lapho izinhloso zihamba ngokukhuhlane phakathi kwesikhumba. Xa usukelelwa phezulu, izinhlanzeko eziningi zamakhapshoni anamandla ukusebenzisa i-frameworks ze-steele ezingavuthi ngemini engaphezu kwebandla elide ngenxa yokungahliki, njengalokho ne-slab ye-concrete ehlanganisiwe ngezinsiza. Le minikelo ivutha ukuthi kukhulise izinhloso ngokulatera ngaphandle kokubulawa nomthetho wesikhumba kuqala.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Uyini i-Gropu Yokudizayina Yomkhumbi (ADG)?
Inkampani yeFAA ibekisela isimo se-Gropu Yokudizayina Yomkhumbi (ADG) futhi libeka izihlangothi ezintandathu (I–VI) kusuka kubude be-wingspan nobude be-tail ukuze kucacise amathuba okugcina izihlangothi.
Kanjani ukuthi i-ADG kuyinxenye yokudizayina kwamathuba?
Uhlukaniswa nge-ADG kumaphakade ngokukhulula ubude bezinyoni zamathuba nokuphawula kwezinye izinkinga. Lezi zinhloso zihlinza ukuthi kube nezidingo efanayo zokuphawula nokulinganisa kwezihlangothi ngokulinganisa nezidingo zezihlangothi ezahlukene.
Kungani kumaphakade ukuphawula kwamathuba?
Ukuphawula kwamathuba kuvumela ukuxhumana nokulungisa kwezihlangothi ngokuphelele, kuthintela ukulahlekelwa okungafanelekile, kanye nokuhlanzela izinhloso zeFAA.
Maphi amaphiko apho ekutholakaleni kwe-ADG?
Ukutholakala kwe-ADG kungakwaza ukuthola izindleko zokuguqula futhi kuthintela izinkinga zokuphatha, ngoba ukulinganisa okungachanekile kungakwaza ukuthi kube nenhlalo yokuqhubeka kanye nezinkinga zokuphelele.
